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arXiv:nlin/0003023 · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics

Influence of diffraction on the spectrum and wave functions of an open system

Jesse S. Hersch, Michael R. Haggerty, Eric J. Heller

Published Oct 1, 2000• 13 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate the existence and significance of diffractive orbits in an open microwave billiard, both experimentally and theoretically. Orbits that diffract off a sharp edge of the system are found to have a strong influence on the transmission spectrum of the system, especially in the regime where there are no stable classical orbits. On resonance, the wave functions are influenced by both classical and diffractive orbits. Off resonance, the wave functions are determined by the constructive interference of multiple transient, nonperiodic orbits. Experimental, numerical, and semiclassical results are presented

DOI
10.1103/physreve.62.4873

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•Oct 1, 2010•1 citation
In this paper, we demonstrate the existence and significance of diffractive orbits in an open microwave billiard, both experimentally and theoretically. Orbits that diffract off a sharp edge of the system are found to have a strong influence on the transmission spectrum of the system, especially in the regime where there are no stable classical orbits. On resonance, the wave functions are influenced by both classical and diffractive orbits. Off resonance, the wave functions are determined by the constructive interference of multiple transient, nonperiodic orbits. Experimental, numerical, and semiclassical results are presented
We demonstrate experimentally the existence and significance of diffractive orbits in an open microwave billiard. Orbits that diffract off a sharp edge strongly influence the conduction spectrum, especially in the regime where there are no stable classical orbits. On resonance, the wave functions are influenced by both classical and diffractive orbits. Off resonance, the wave functions are determined by the constructive interference of multiple transient orbits. The experimental results agree well with quantum computations and with a semiclassical theory that incorporates diffraction.
We analyze the quantum spectra of the two-dimensional annular billiard system based on the open-orbit quantum spectrum function, and respectively calculate the Fourier-transformed quantum spectra for various values of a parameter (in the case f=Rin/Rout). The results show that the peak positions of quantum spectrum match with the lengths of classical orbits of particle motion very well ,and the semiclassical closed-orbit theory affords a good explanation. While the inner circle radius becomes comparaber with the de Brogile wavelength of the particle, the character of quantum spectrum changes essentially, turning out to be similar with the pattern of optical diffraction, which is a purely wavelike phenomenon and accords with Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theorem. Our treatment provides a basis theory for researching the property of billiard system and microjunction transport, and opens a new way to investigate the diffraction of crystal and spectral analysis.
We study the effect on quantum spectra of the existence of small circular disks in a billiard system. In the limit where the disk radii vanish there is no effect, however this limit is approached very slowly so that even very small radii have comparatively large effects. We include diffractive orbits which scatter off the small disks in the periodic orbit expansion. This situation is formally similar to edge diffraction except that the disk radii introduce a length scale in the problem such that for wave lengths smaller than the disk radius we recover the usual semi-classical approximation; however, for wave lengths larger than the disk radius there is a qualitatively different behaviour. We test the theory by successfully estimating the positions of scattering resonances in geometries consisting of three and four small disks. PACS numbers: 0.320.+i, 03.65.Sq 1 Typeset using REVTEXThe presence of discontinuities in classical Hamiltonian systems implies the necessity of
We study the effect on quantum spectra of the existence of small circular disks in a billiard system. In the limit where the disk radii vanish there is no effect, however this limit is approached very slowly so that even very small radii have comparatively large effects. We include diffractive orbits which scatter off the small disks in the periodic orbit expansion. This situation is formally similar to edge diffraction except that the disk radii introduce a length scale in the problem such that for wavelengths smaller than the order of the disk radius we recover the usual semiclassical approximation; however, for wavelengths larger than the order of the disk radius there is a qualitatively different behaviour. We test the theory by successfully estimating the positions of scattering resonances in geometries consisting of three and four small disks.
The present doctoral thesis is concerned, on the one hand, with the investigation of the decay probability in a quantum billiard, and, on the other, the realization of the double-slit experiment in microwave billiards. For both purposes transmission elements of the scattering matrix are experimentally measured in microwave cavities with regular and chaotic dynamics. One or more pieces of the billiards' boundary are removed and the leaked outward eld is investigated. The general aim is to distinguish the eect of the billiard dynamics on the temporal decay behaviour and on the interference patterns. The decay probability in an open quantum billiard can be explored by means of the scattering matrix formalismus derived in the framework of nuclear physics. In a circular billiard, archetype of regular systems, the opening breaks the spatial symmetry causing a splitting of the degenerate states observable at low frequencies. One state of the doublet remains unaected contributing to the long-time behavior inside the cavity (survival probability), while the short-lived one is strongly influenced by the opening and decays much faster. The case of chaotic dynamics is studied by means of a tilted stadium billiard. For sufficiently long times the decay probability shows an essentially nonexponential behaviour. Agreement with theoretical results derived by Harney, Dittes and Muller is obtained for a few of the open channels and intermediate times. For both, the circle and the stadium,the short time decay resembles the classical behaviour. Furthermore, a double-slit experiment is performed with a wave packet starting inside a microwave billiard domain, both for regular and chaotic dynamics. Stationary and temporal patterns formed by the leaking of the wave packet are experimentally determined. The evolution of a directed initial state is constructed by means of the electromagnetic propagator. Also single-slit experiments are carried out and compared with the corresponding double-slit experiments. The present work sheds light on the fundamental question of the decay of open quantum systems and provides plentiful information about the structure of the diracted eld from microwave billards with a double-slit on the boundary connecting classical properties with the corresponding quantum features in both cases.