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arXiv:math-ph/9812026 · International Journal of Modern Physics B

FORM FACTORS IN THE FINITE VOLUME

V. E. Korepin, N. A. Slavnov

Published Oct 10, 1999• 38 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study exactly solvable models of quantum statistical mechanics. Our main example is the Quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This model can be solved by algebraic Bethe Ansatz. We are interested in the expression for a form factor of the local field in the finite volume [Formula: see text]. We found a determinant representation for this form factor. We think that this is the universal feature: finite volume form factor of any exactly solvable model can be represented a determinant.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979299002769

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Final Conclusion

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•Jan 1, 2016•47 citations
We study exactly solvable models of quantum statistical mechanics. Our main example is the Quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This model can be solved by algebraic Bethe Ansatz. We are interested in the expression for a form factor of the local field in the finite volume [Formula: see text]. We found a determinant representation for this form factor. We think that this is the universal feature: finite volume form factor of any exactly solvable model can be represented a determinant.
We investigate form factors of local operators in the multi-component Quantum Non-linear Schrödinger model, a prototype theory solvable by the so-called nested Bethe Ansatz. We determine the analytic properties of the infinite volume form factors using the coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution and we establish a connection with the finite volume matrix elements. In the two-component models we derive a set of recursion relations for the "magnonic form factors", which are the matrix elements on the nested Bethe Ansatz states. In certain simple cases (involving states with only one spin-impurity) we obtain explicit solutions for the recursion relations.
We present exact formulas for the form factors of local operators in the repulsive Lieb–Liniger model at finite size. These are essential ingredients for both numerical and analytical calculations. From the theory of algebraic Bethe ansatz, it is known that the form factors of local operators satisfy a particular type of recursive relations. We show that in some cases these relations can be used directly to derive practical expressions in terms of the determinant of a matrix whose dimension scales linearly with the system size. Our main results are determinant formulas for the form factors of the operators and Ψ R (0), for arbitrary integer R , where Ψ, are the usual field operators. From these expressions, we also derive the infinite size limit of the form factors of these local operators in the attractive regime.
We have explained the theory of exactly solvable models on both the quantum and classical levels. We hope that the reader appreciates the beauty and perfection of the Bethe Ansatz. The theory of completely integrable nonlinear partial differential equations plays an equally important role in the book. It is deeply related to the Bethe Ansatz. We hope that our book can be used for further development of the theory of exactly solvable models (we think that the interested reader can find problems to work out in our book). Our book does not close the theory of the Bethe Ansatz; it opens new possibilities for further development. We have explained how to construct eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian and how to describe the ground state and its excitations. We have also evaluated dispersion curves and scattering matrices for the excitations. The thermodynamics of exactly solvable models is explained in this book in all the details, including the evaluation of temperature correlation functions (even if they depend on real time). The problem of the evaluation of correlation functions (for Bethe Ansatz solvable models) is solved in our book, using the example of the one-dimensional Bose gas (quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation). It was done using the ideas of the inverse scattering method (the Lax representation, the Riemann-Hilbert problem, the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko equation, etc.). We would like also to emphasize that all other Bethe Ansatz solvable models are constructed in a similar way.
ntegrable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory constitute a rich research field at the crossroads of modern mathematics and theoretical physics. An important issue to understand is the space of local operators in the system and, ultimately, their correlation functions and form factors. This book is the first published monograph on this subject. It treats integrable lattice models, notably the six-vertex model and the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain. A pair of fermions is introduced and used to create a basis of the space of local operators, leading to the result that all correlation functions at finite distances are expressible in terms of two transcendental functions with rational coefficients. Step-by-step explanations are given for all materials necessary for this construction, ranging from algebraic Bethe ansatz, representations of quantum groups, and the Bazhanov-Lukyanov-Zamolodchikov construction in conformal field theory to Riemann surfaces and their Jacobians. Several examples and applications are given along with numerical results.
In the present article we study the form factors of quantum integrable lattice models solvable by the separation of variables (SoVs) method. It was recently shown that these models admit universal determinant representations for the scalar products of the so-called separate states (a class which includes in particular all the eigenstates of the transfer matrix). These results permit to obtain simple expressions for the matrix elements of local operators (form factors). However, these representations have been obtained up to now only for the completely inhomogeneous versions of the lattice models considered. In this article we give a simple algebraic procedure to rewrite the scalar products (and hence the form factors) for the SoV related models as Izergin or Slavnov type determinants. This new form leads to simple expressions for the form factors in the homogeneous and thermodynamic limits. To make the presentation of our method clear, we have chosen to explain it first for the simple case of the XXX Heisenberg chain with anti-periodic boundary conditions. We would nevertheless like to stress that the approach presented in this article applies as well to a wide range of models solved in the SoV framework.