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Mathematical surveys and monographs

Local Operators in Integrable Models I

Michio Jimbo, Tetsuji Miwa, Fedor Aleksandrovich Smirnov

Published Jul 2, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ntegrable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory constitute a rich research field at the crossroads of modern mathematics and theoretical physics. An important issue to understand is the space of local operators in the system and, ultimately, their correlation functions and form factors. This book is the first published monograph on this subject. It treats integrable lattice models, notably the six-vertex model and the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain. A pair of fermions is introduced and used to create a basis of the space of local operators, leading to the result that all correlation functions at finite distances are expressible in terms of two transcendental functions with rational coefficients. Step-by-step explanations are given for all materials necessary for this construction, ranging from algebraic Bethe ansatz, representations of quantum groups, and the Bazhanov-Lukyanov-Zamolodchikov construction in conformal field theory to Riemann surfaces and their Jacobians. Several examples and applications are given along with numerical results.

DOI
10.1090/surv/256

Related papers

YANG-BAXTER ALGEBRAS, INTEGRABLE THEORIES AND QUANTUM GROUPS

Hector J. de Vega

The Yang-Baxter-Zamolodchikov-Faddeev (YBZF) algebras and their many applications are the subject of this reivew. I start by the solvable lattice statistical models constructed from YBZF algebras. All two-dimensional integrable vertex models follow in this way and are solvable via Bethe Ansatz (BA) and their generalizations. The six-vertex model solution and its q(2q−1) vertex generalization including its nested BA construction are exposed. YBZF algebras and their associated physical models are classified in terms of simple Lie algebras. It is shown how these lattice models yield both solvable massive quantum field theories (QFT) and conformal models in appropriated scaling (continuous) limits within the lattice light-cone approach. The method of finite-size calculations from the BA is described as well as its applications to derive the conformal properties of integrable lattice models. It is conjectured that all integrable QFT and conformal models follow in a scaling limit from these YBZF algebras. A discussion on braid and quantum groups concludes this review.

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Statistical Field Theory

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Abstract This book is an introduction to statistical field theory, which is an important subject within theoretical physics and a field that has seen substantial progress in recent years. The book covers fundamental topics in great detail and includes areas like conformal field theory, quantum integrability, S-matrices, braiding groups, Bethe ansatz, renormalization groups, Majorana fermions, form factors, the truncated conformal space approach and boundary field theory. It also provides an introduction to lattice statistical models. Many topics are discussed at a fairly advanced level but via a pedagogical approach. In particular, the book presents in a clear way non-perturbative methods of quantum field theories that have become decisive tools in many different areas of statistical and condensed matter physics, and which are currently an essential foundation of the working knowledge of a modern theoretical physicist.

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Quantum Groups in Two-Dimensional Physics

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This 1996 book is an introduction to integrability and conformal field theory in two dimensions using quantum groups. The book begins with a brief introduction to S-matrices, spin chains and vertex models as a prelude to the study of Yang–Baxter algebras and the Bethe ansatz. The basic ideas of integrable systems are then introduced, giving particular emphasis to vertex and face models. Special attention is given to explaining the underlying mathematical tools, including braid groups, knot invariants and towers of algebra. The book then goes on to give a detailed introduction to quantum groups as a prelude to chapters on integrable models, two-dimensional conformal field theories and superconformal field theories. The book contains many diagrams and exercises to illustrate key points in the text.

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Statistical mechanics of integrable quantum spin systems

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This script is based on the notes the author prepared to give a set of six lectures at the Les Houches School ``Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics'' in the summer of 2018. The responsibility for the selection of the material is partially with the organisers, Jean-Sebastien Caux, Nikolai Kitanine, Andreas Klümper and Robert Konik. The school had its focus on the application of integrability based methods to problems in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. My lectures were meant to complement this subject with background material on the equilibrium statistical mechanics of quantum spin chains from a vertex model perspective. I was asked to provide a minimal introduction to quantum spin systems including notions like the reduced density matrix and correlation functions of local observables. I was further asked to explain the graphical language of vertex models and to introduce the concepts of the Trotter decomposition and the quantum transfer matrix. This was basically the contents of the first four lectures presented at the school. In the remaining two lectures I started filling these notions with life by deriving an integral representation of the free energy per lattice site for the Heisenberg-Ising chain (alias XXZ model) using techniques based on non-linear integral equations. Up to small corrections the following sections 1-6 display the six lectures almost literally. The only major change is that the example of the XXZ chain has been moved from section 5 to 2. During the school it was not really necessary to introduce the model, since other speakers had explained it before. But for these notes I thought it might be useful to introduce the main example rather early. I also supplemented each lecture with a comment section which contains additional references and material of the type that was discussed informally with the participants.

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Fourth-neighbour two-point functions of the XXZ chain and the fermionic basis approach

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Abstract We give a descriptive review of the fermionic basis approach to the theory of correlation functions of the XXZ quantum spin chain. The emphasis is on explicit formulae for short-range correlation functions which will be presented in a way that allows for their direct implementation on a computer. Within the fermionic basis approach a huge class of stationary reduced density matrices, compatible with the integrable structure of the model, assumes a factorized form. This means that all expectation values of local operators and all two-point functions, in particular, can be represented as multivariate polynomials in only two functions ρ and ω and their derivatives with coefficients that are rational in the deformation parameter q of the model. These coefficients are of ‘algebraic origin’. They do not depend on the choice of the density matrix, which only impacts the form of ρ and ω . As an example we work out in detail the case of the grand canonical ensemble at temperature T and magnetic field h for q in the critical regime. We compare our exact results for the fourth-neighbour two-point functions with asymptotic formulae for h , T = 0 and for finite h and T .

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Reduction formula of form factors for the integrable spin-sXXZ chains and application to correlation functions

Tetsuo Deguchi

For the integrable spin- s XXZ chain we express explicitly any given spin- s form factor in terms of a sum over the scalar products of the spin-1/2 fundamental operators of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Here, they are given by the operator-valued matrix elements of the monodromy matrix of the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain. We derive the reduction formula of higher-spin form factors by the fusion method in detail. We call an arbitrary matrix element of a local operator between two Bethe eigenstates a form factor of the operator in this paper. We thus revise the derivation of the higher-spin XXZ form factors given in a previous paper. The revised method has several interesting applications in mathematical physics. For instance, we express the spin- s XXZ correlation function of an arbitrary entry at zero temperature in terms of a sum of multiple integrals.

arXiv:1105.4722•Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment•Apr 2, 2012•3 citations
ntegrable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory constitute a rich research field at the crossroads of modern mathematics and theoretical physics. An important issue to understand is the space of local operators in the system and, ultimately, their correlation functions and form factors. This book is the first published monograph on this subject. It treats integrable lattice models, notably the six-vertex model and the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain. A pair of fermions is introduced and used to create a basis of the space of local operators, leading to the result that all correlation functions at finite distances are expressible in terms of two transcendental functions with rational coefficients. Step-by-step explanations are given for all materials necessary for this construction, ranging from algebraic Bethe ansatz, representations of quantum groups, and the Bazhanov-Lukyanov-Zamolodchikov construction in conformal field theory to Riemann surfaces and their Jacobians. Several examples and applications are given along with numerical results.
The Yang-Baxter-Zamolodchikov-Faddeev (YBZF) algebras and their many applications are the subject of this reivew. I start by the solvable lattice statistical models constructed from YBZF algebras. All two-dimensional integrable vertex models follow in this way and are solvable via Bethe Ansatz (BA) and their generalizations. The six-vertex model solution and its q(2q−1) vertex generalization including its nested BA construction are exposed. YBZF algebras and their associated physical models are classified in terms of simple Lie algebras. It is shown how these lattice models yield both solvable massive quantum field theories (QFT) and conformal models in appropriated scaling (continuous) limits within the lattice light-cone approach. The method of finite-size calculations from the BA is described as well as its applications to derive the conformal properties of integrable lattice models. It is conjectured that all integrable QFT and conformal models follow in a scaling limit from these YBZF algebras. A discussion on braid and quantum groups concludes this review.
Abstract This book is an introduction to statistical field theory, which is an important subject within theoretical physics and a field that has seen substantial progress in recent years. The book covers fundamental topics in great detail and includes areas like conformal field theory, quantum integrability, S-matrices, braiding groups, Bethe ansatz, renormalization groups, Majorana fermions, form factors, the truncated conformal space approach and boundary field theory. It also provides an introduction to lattice statistical models. Many topics are discussed at a fairly advanced level but via a pedagogical approach. In particular, the book presents in a clear way non-perturbative methods of quantum field theories that have become decisive tools in many different areas of statistical and condensed matter physics, and which are currently an essential foundation of the working knowledge of a modern theoretical physicist.
This 1996 book is an introduction to integrability and conformal field theory in two dimensions using quantum groups. The book begins with a brief introduction to S-matrices, spin chains and vertex models as a prelude to the study of Yang–Baxter algebras and the Bethe ansatz. The basic ideas of integrable systems are then introduced, giving particular emphasis to vertex and face models. Special attention is given to explaining the underlying mathematical tools, including braid groups, knot invariants and towers of algebra. The book then goes on to give a detailed introduction to quantum groups as a prelude to chapters on integrable models, two-dimensional conformal field theories and superconformal field theories. The book contains many diagrams and exercises to illustrate key points in the text.
This script is based on the notes the author prepared to give a set of six lectures at the Les Houches School ``Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics'' in the summer of 2018. The responsibility for the selection of the material is partially with the organisers, Jean-Sebastien Caux, Nikolai Kitanine, Andreas Klümper and Robert Konik. The school had its focus on the application of integrability based methods to problems in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. My lectures were meant to complement this subject with background material on the equilibrium statistical mechanics of quantum spin chains from a vertex model perspective. I was asked to provide a minimal introduction to quantum spin systems including notions like the reduced density matrix and correlation functions of local observables. I was further asked to explain the graphical language of vertex models and to introduce the concepts of the Trotter decomposition and the quantum transfer matrix. This was basically the contents of the first four lectures presented at the school. In the remaining two lectures I started filling these notions with life by deriving an integral representation of the free energy per lattice site for the Heisenberg-Ising chain (alias XXZ model) using techniques based on non-linear integral equations. Up to small corrections the following sections 1-6 display the six lectures almost literally. The only major change is that the example of the XXZ chain has been moved from section 5 to 2. During the school it was not really necessary to introduce the model, since other speakers had explained it before. But for these notes I thought it might be useful to introduce the main example rather early. I also supplemented each lecture with a comment section which contains additional references and material of the type that was discussed informally with the participants.
Abstract We give a descriptive review of the fermionic basis approach to the theory of correlation functions of the XXZ quantum spin chain. The emphasis is on explicit formulae for short-range correlation functions which will be presented in a way that allows for their direct implementation on a computer. Within the fermionic basis approach a huge class of stationary reduced density matrices, compatible with the integrable structure of the model, assumes a factorized form. This means that all expectation values of local operators and all two-point functions, in particular, can be represented as multivariate polynomials in only two functions ρ and ω and their derivatives with coefficients that are rational in the deformation parameter q of the model. These coefficients are of ‘algebraic origin’. They do not depend on the choice of the density matrix, which only impacts the form of ρ and ω . As an example we work out in detail the case of the grand canonical ensemble at temperature T and magnetic field h for q in the critical regime. We compare our exact results for the fourth-neighbour two-point functions with asymptotic formulae for h , T = 0 and for finite h and T .
For the integrable spin- s XXZ chain we express explicitly any given spin- s form factor in terms of a sum over the scalar products of the spin-1/2 fundamental operators of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Here, they are given by the operator-valued matrix elements of the monodromy matrix of the spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain. We derive the reduction formula of higher-spin form factors by the fusion method in detail. We call an arbitrary matrix element of a local operator between two Bethe eigenstates a form factor of the operator in this paper. We thus revise the derivation of the higher-spin XXZ form factors given in a previous paper. The revised method has several interesting applications in mathematical physics. For instance, we express the spin- s XXZ correlation function of an arbitrary entry at zero temperature in terms of a sum of multiple integrals.