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arXiv:math-ph/0510009 · Physical Review A

Asymptotic symmetries in an optical lattice

Giuseppe Gaeta

Published Sep 30, 2005• 5 citations
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Abstract

It was recently remarked by Lutz [Phys. Rev. A 67, 051402(R) (2003)] that the equation for the marginal Wigner distribution in an optical lattice admits a scale-free distribution corresponding to Tsallis statistics. Here we show that this distribution is invariant under an asymptotic symmetry of the equation and hence that this scale-free behavior can be understood in terms of symmetry analysis.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.033419

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It was recently remarked by Lutz [Phys. Rev. A 67, 051402(R) (2003)] that the equation for the marginal Wigner distribution in an optical lattice admits a scale-free distribution corresponding to Tsallis statistics. Here we show that this distribution is invariant under an asymptotic symmetry of the equation and hence that this scale-free behavior can be understood in terms of symmetry analysis.
We point out a connection between anomalous transport in an optical lattice and Tsallis' generalized statistics. Specifically, we show that the momentum equation for the semiclassical Wigner function which describes atomic motion in the optical potential, belongs to a class of transport equations recently studied by Borland [Phys. Lett. A 245, 67 (1998)]. The important property of these ordinary linear Fokker-Planck equations is that their stationary solutions are exactly given by Tsallis distributions. An analytical expression of the Tsallis index q in terms of the microscopic parameters of the quantum-optical problem is given and the spatial coherence of the atomic wave packets is discussed.
It is pointed out that in a recent paper (2012 New J. Phys. 14 103009) in which a Wigner function for a particle in an infinite lattice (a system described by an unbounded discrete coordinate and its conjugate angle-like momentum) has been introduced, no reference is made to previous, pioneering work on discrete Wigner distributions (more precisely, on the rotational Wigner function for a system described by a rotation angle and its unbounded discrete-conjugate angular momentum). Not only has the problem addressed in essence been solved for a long time (the discrete coordinate and angle-like conjugate momentum are the perfect dual of the rotation angle and discrete-conjugate angular momentum), but the solution advanced only in some distorted manner obeys two of the fundamental properties of a Wigner distribution (that, when integrated over one period of the momentum variable, it should yield the correct marginal distribution on the discrete position variable, and that it should be invariant with respect to translation).
Recently, we introduced a solution to the quantum marginal problem relevant to two-dimensional quantum many-body systems [I. H. Kim, Phys. Rev. X, 11, 021039]. One of the conditions was that the marginals are internally translationally invariant. We show that this condition can be replaced by a weaker condition, namely the local consistency of the marginals. This extends the applicability of the solution to any quantum many-body states in two dimensions that satisfy the entropy scaling law, with or without symmetry. We also significantly simplify the proof by advocating the usage of the maximum-entropy principle.
Behavior analogous to that of spontaneous emission in photonic band-gap materials has been predicted for an atom-optical system consisting of an atom confined in a well of a state-dependent optical lattice that is coupled to free space through an internal-state transition [de Vega et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 260404 (2008)]. Using the Weisskopf-Wigner approach and considering a one-dimensional geometry, we analyze the properties of this system in detail, including the evolution of the lattice-trapped population, the momentum distribution of emitted matter waves, and the detailed structure of an evanescent matter-wave state below the continuum boundary. We compare and contrast our findings for the transition from Markovian to non-Markovian behaviors to those previously obtained for three dimensions.
Wigner's quasi probability and related functional and operator methods of quantum mechanics have recently played an important role in optics. We present an account of some of these developments. The symmetry structures underlying the ray and wave approaches to paraxial optics are explored in some detail, and the manner in which the Wigner phase-space representation captures the merits of both approaches is brought out. A fairly self-contained analysis of the second or intensity moments of general astigmatic partially coherent beams and of their behavior under transmission through astigmatic first-order optical systems is presented. Geometric representations of the intensity moments that render the quality parameters or polynomial invariants manifest are discussed, and the role of the optical uncertainty principle in assigning unbeatable physical bounds for these invariants is stressed. Measurement of the ten intensity moments of an astigmatic partially coherent beam is considered.