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arXiv:hep-th/9902192 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

XXZspin chain in a transverse field as a regularization of the sine-Gordon model

S. Pallua, Predrag Dominis Prester

Published May 12, 1999• 5 citations
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Abstract

We consider here the XXZ spin chain perturbed by the operator ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{x}$ (``in a transverse field'') which is a lattice regularization of the sine-Gordon model. This can be shown using conformal perturbation theory. We calculate the mass ratios of particles which lie in a discrete part of the spectrum and obtain results in accord with the DHN formula and in disagreement with recent calculations in the literature based on the numerical Bethe ansatz and infinite momentum frame methods. We also analyze the short distance behavior of these states (UV or conformal limit). Our result for conformal dimension of the second breather state is different from that conjectured by Klassen and Melzer [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 8, 4131 (1993)] and is consistent with this paper for other states.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.59.125006

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hep-thCross-listedarXiv:2610.01571•Oct 2, 2026
We consider here the XXZ spin chain perturbed by the operator \ensuremathσx{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{x}\ensuremathσx (``in a transverse field'') which is a lattice regularization of the sine-Gordon model. This can be shown using conformal perturbation theory. We calculate the mass ratios of particles which lie in a discrete part of the spectrum and obtain results in accord with the DHN formula and in disagreement with recent calculations in the literature based on the numerical Bethe ansatz and infinite momentum frame methods. We also analyze the short distance behavior of these states (UV or conformal limit). Our result for conformal dimension of the second breather state is different from that conjectured by Klassen and Melzer [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 8, 4131 (1993)] and is consistent with this paper for other states.
We consider here the massive Thirring model regularized with the XYZ\mathrm{XYZ}XYZ spin chain. We numerically calculate the mass ratios of particles which lie in the discrete part of the spectrum and obtain results in accordance with the DHN formula and in disagreement with recent calculations in the literature based on the numerical Bethe ansatz and infinite momentum frame methods. We also analyze the short distance behavior of these states and evaluate the conformal dimensions. This paper, taken together with the previous one for the sine-Gordon model, confirms the duality relation between two models formulated by Klassen and Melzer [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 8, 4131 (1993)].
Starting from the Bethe Ansatz solution of the open integrable spin-1 XXZ quantum spin chain with diagonal boundary terms, we derive a set of nonlinear integral equations (NLIEs), which we propose to describe the boundary supersymmetric sine-Gordon model BSSG+{}^{+}+ with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a finite interval. We compute the corresponding boundary SSS matrix, and find that it coincides with the one proposed by Bajnok, Palla and Tak\\'acs for the Dirichlet BSSG+{}^{+}+ model. We derive a relation between the (UV) parameters in the boundary conditions and the (IR) parameters in the boundary SSS matrix. By computing the boundary vacuum energy, we determine a previously unknown parameter in the scattering theory. We solve the NLIEs numerically for intermediate values of the interval length, and find agreement with our analytical result for the effective central charge in the UV limit and with boundary conformal perturbation theory.
The phase diagram of the XXZ chain is calculated under the influence of homogeneous and staggered magnetic fields. The model has a rich phase structure with three types of phases. A fully ferromagnetic phase, an antiferromagnetic phase and a massless phase with partial ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order. This massless phase's critical fluctuations are governed by a conformal field theory with central charge c=1. When the sigma z -anisotropy Delta is zero the model is exactly integrable through a Jordan-Wigner fermionization and our results are analytic. For Delta not=0 our analysis is done numerically using lattice sizes up to M=20. Our results show that for -1<or= Delta < square root (2/2) the staggered magnetic field perturbation is relevant, whereas for square root (2/2)< Delta <or=1 it is irrelevant. In the region of relevant perturbations, we show that the massive continuum field theory associated with the model, has the same mass spectrum as the sine-Gordon model.
In the quantum inverse scattering method, the sine-Gordon model is solved on a lattice, and its continuum and infinite-volume limits become uniform only after the length of the box is rescaled. We show that this rescaling, supplemented by an on-shell condition, defines a renormalization scheme. The whole dependence on the cut-off is absorbed into a factor ZLZ_LZL​ multiplying the length of the box, with an exponent fixed by the scaling dimension of the vertex operator; neither the field nor the coupling βββ is renormalized, no subtraction scale is introduced, and the mass parameter receives a finite renormalization, fixed by requiring that the lightest breather has the mass of the boson in the linearized theory. The soliton and breather masses follow from the eigenvalues of the monodromy operator as functions of parameters that do not run, and reduce to the classical and semiclassical results as β→0β\rightarrow0β→0. In particular, the mass ratios are produced directly from the regularized construction, while the relation between the lattice parameters and the physical scale is absorbed into ZLZ_LZL​ and never needs to be computed. The scheme is a reparameterization of the theory which makes explicit the interplay between integrability and renormalization. We compare it with Coleman's normal ordering and with conformal perturbation theory, and we argue that it extends to ultralocal integrable theories with a massive spectrum, possibly including asymptotically free models that admit an ultralocal lattice regularization.