The 6-vertex model with appropriately chosen alternating inhomogeneities gives the so-called light-cone lattice regularization of the sine-Gordon (Massive-Thirring) model. In this integrable lattice model we consider pure hole states above the antiferromagnetic vacuum and express the norm of Bethe-wave functions in terms of the hole's positions and the counting-function of the state under consideration. In the light-cone regularized picture pure hole states correspond to pure soliton (fermion) states of the sine-Gordon (massive Thirring) model. Hence, we analyze the continuum limit of our new formula for the norm of the Bethe-wave functions. We show, that the physically most relevant determinant part of our formula can be expanded in the large volume limit and turns out to be proportional to the Gaudin-determinant of pure soliton states in the sine-Gordon model defined in finite volume.
In the quantum inverse scattering method, the sine-Gordon model is solved on a lattice, and its continuum and infinite-volume limits become uniform only after the length of the box is rescaled. We show that this rescaling, supplemented by an on-shell condition, defines a renormalization scheme. The whole dependence on the cut-off is absorbed into a factor
ZL multiplying the length of the box, with an exponent fixed by the scaling dimension of the vertex operator; neither the field nor the coupling
β is renormalized, no subtraction scale is introduced, and the mass parameter receives a finite renormalization, fixed by requiring that the lightest breather has the mass of the boson in the linearized theory. The soliton and breather masses follow from the eigenvalues of the monodromy operator as functions of parameters that do not run, and reduce to the classical and semiclassical results as
β→0. In particular, the mass ratios are produced directly from the regularized construction, while the relation between the lattice parameters and the physical scale is absorbed into
ZL and never needs to be computed. The scheme is a reparameterization of the theory which makes explicit the interplay between integrability and renormalization. We compare it with Coleman's normal ordering and with conformal perturbation theory, and we argue that it extends to ultralocal integrable theories with a massive spectrum, possibly including asymptotically free models that admit an ultralocal lattice regularization.
Analog quantum simulation has the potential to be an indispensable technique in the investigation of complex quantum systems. In this work, we numerically investigate a one-dimensional, faithful, analog, quantum electronic circuit simulator built out of Josephson junctions for one of the paradigmatic models of an integrable quantum field theory: the quantum sine-Gordon (qSG) model in 1+1 space-time dimensions. We analyze the lattice model using the density matrix renormalization group technique and benchmark our numerical results with existing Bethe ansatz computations. Furthermore, we perform analytical form-factor calculations for the two-point correlation function of vertex operators, which closely agree with our numerical computations. Finally, we compute the entanglement spectrum of the qSG model. We compare our results with those obtained using the integrable lattice-regularization based on the quantum XYZ chain and show that the quantum circuit model is less susceptible to corrections to scaling compared to the XYZ chain. We provide numerical evidence that the parameters required to realize the qSG model are accessible with modern-day superconducting circuit technology, thus providing additional credence towards the viability of the latter platform for simulating strongly interacting quantum field theories.
<!-- *** Custom HTML *** --> The discrete quantum Sine-Gordon model at roots of unity remarkably combines a classical integrable system with an integrable quantum spin system, whose parameters obey classical equations of motion. We show that the fundamental
R-matrix of the model (which satisfies a difference property Yang–Baxter equation) naturally splits into a product of a singular "classical" part and a finite dimensional quantum part. The classical part of the
R-matrix itself satisfies the quantum Yang–Baxter equation, and therefore can be factored out producing, however, a certain "twist" of the quantum part. We show that the resulting equation exactly coincides with the star-triangle relation of the
N-state chiral Potts model. The associated spin model on the whole lattice is, in fact, more general than the chiral Potts and reduces to the latter only for the simplest (constant) classical background. In a general case the model is inhomogeneous: its Boltzmann weights are determined by non-trivial background solutions of the equations of motion of the classical discrete sine-Gordon model.
In the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method, we consider a problem of constructing local operators for one-dimensional quantum integrable models, especially for the lattice versions of the nonlinear Schrödinger and sine-Gordon models. We show that a certain class of local operators can be constructed from the matrix elements of the monodromy matrix in a simple way. They are closely related to the quantum projectors and have nice commutation relations with half of the matrix elements of the elementary monodromy matrix. The form factors of these operators can be calculated by using the standard algebraic Bethe ansatz techniques.