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arXiv:hep-th/9706034 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Probability distributions and coherent states of , and algebras

Hong-Chen Fu, Ryu Sasaki B

Published Jan 23, 1998• 7 citations
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Abstract

A new approach to probability theory based on quantum mechanical and Lie algebraic ideas is proposed and developed. The underlying fact is the observation that the coherent states of the Heisenberg-Weyl, su (2), , and algebras in certain symmetric (bosonic) representations give the `probability amplitudes' (or the `square roots') of the well known Poisson, binomial, multinomial, negative binomial and negative multinomial distributions in probability theory. New probability distributions are derived based on coherent states of the classical algebras , and in symmetric representations. These new probability distributions are simple generalization of the multinomial distributions with some added new features reflecting the quantum and Lie algebraic construction. As byproducts, simple proofs and interpretation of addition theorems of Hermite polynomials are obtained from the `coordinate' representation of the (negative) multinomial states. In other words, these addition theorems are higher rank counterparts of the well known generating function of Hermite polynomials, which is essentially the `coordinate' representation of the ordinary (Heisenberg-Weyl) coherent state.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/31/3/006

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A new approach to probability theory based on quantum mechanical and Lie algebraic ideas is proposed and developed. The underlying fact is the observation that the coherent states of the Heisenberg-Weyl, su (2), , and algebras in certain symmetric (bosonic) representations give the probability amplitudes' (or the square roots') of the well known Poisson, binomial, multinomial, negative binomial and negative multinomial distributions in probability theory. New probability distributions are derived based on coherent states of the classical algebras , and in symmetric representations. These new probability distributions are simple generalization of the multinomial distributions with some added new features reflecting the quantum and Lie algebraic construction. As byproducts, simple proofs and interpretation of addition theorems of Hermite polynomials are obtained from the coordinate' representation of the (negative) multinomial states. In other words, these addition theorems are higher rank counterparts of the well known generating function of Hermite polynomials, which is essentially the coordinate' representation of the ordinary (Heisenberg-Weyl) coherent state.
Following the relationship between probability distribution and coherent states, for example the well known Poisson distribution and the ordinary coherent states and relatively less known one of the binomial distribution and the su(2)su(2)su(2) coherent states, we propose ``interpretation'' of su(1,1)su(1,1)su(1,1) and su(r,1)su(r,1)su(r,1) coherent states ``in terms of probability theory''. They will be called the ``negative binomial'' (``multinomial'') ``states'' which correspond to the ``negative'' binomial (multinomial) distribution, the non-compact counterpart of the well known binomial (multinomial) distribution. Explicit forms of the negative binomial (multinomial) states are given in terms of various boson representations which are naturally related to the probability theory interpretation. Here we show fruitful interplay of probability theory, group theory and quantum theory.
Following the relationship between probability distribution and coherent states, for example the well known Poisson distribution and the ordinary coherent states and relatively less known one of the binomial distribution and the su(2) coherent states, we propose interpretation of su(1,1) and su(r,1) coherent states in terms of probability theory. They will be called the negative binomial (multinomial) states which correspond to the negative binomial (multinomial) distribution, the non-compact counterpart of the well known binomial (multinomial) distribution. Explicit forms of the negative binomial (multinomial) states are given in terms of various boson representations which are naturally related to the probability theory interpretation. Here, we show fruitful interplay of probability theory, group theory, and quantum theory.
We start with the Heisenberg–Weyl algebra and after the definitions of the Fock states we give the definition of the coherent state of this group. This is followed by the exposition of the SU(2) and SU(1, 1) algebras and their coherent states. From there we go on describing the binomial state and its extensions as realizations of the SU(2) group. This is followed by considering the negative binomial states, and some squeezed states as realizations of the SU(1, 1) group. Generation schemes based on physical systems are mentioned for some of these states.
The aim of this paper is to construct coherent states à la Perelomov and à la Barut–Girardello for a polynomial Weyl–Heisenberg algebra. This generalized Weyl–Heisenberg algebra, denoted by , depends on r real parameters and is an extension of the one-parameter algebra (Daoud and Kibler 2010 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43 115303) which covers the cases of the su (1, 1) algebra (for κ > 0), the su (2) algebra (for κ < 0) and the h 4 ordinary Weyl–Heisenberg algebra (for κ = 0). For finite-dimensional representations of and , where is a truncation of order s of in the sense of Pegg–Barnett, a connection is established with k -fermionic algebras (or quon algebras). This connection makes it possible to use generalized Grassmann variables for constructing certain coherent states. Coherent states of the Perelomov type are derived for infinite-dimensional representations of and for finite-dimensional representations of and through a Fock–Bargmann analytical approach based on the use of complex (or bosonic) variables. The same approach is applied for deriving coherent states of the Barut–Girardello type in the case of infinite-dimensional representations of . In contrast, the construction of coherent states à la Barut–Girardello for finite-dimensional representations of and can be achieved solely at the price of replacing complex variables by generalized Grassmann (or k -fermionic) variables. Some of the results are applied to su (2), su (1, 1) and the harmonic oscillator (in a truncated or not truncated form). This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.
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A quick review of some Lie algebras related to well-known groups is given. We start with the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra and after the definitions of the Fock states we give the definition of the coherent state of this group. This is followed by the exposition of the SU(2) and SU(1,1) algebras and their coherent states. From there we go on to describe the binomial states and their extensions as the finite dimensional pair coherent states and their nonlinear versions as realizations of the SU(2) group. This is followed by considering the negative binomial states, the single mode and two-mode squeezed states and their variants as realizations of the SU(1,1) group. Generation schemes based on physical systems are considered for some of these states.