Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:hep-th/0702047

Absolute Time and Temperature in Quantum and Classical Relativistic Mechanics

Vadim V. Asadov, Oleg V. Kechkin

Published Feb 6, 2007• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a relativistic quantum mechanics of a point mass with absolute thermodynamic time and temperature, combined to a single complex parameter of evolution. In this theory, the geometric time is introduced as one of space-time coordinates; it does not coincide with the thermodynamic time on the kinematical level. It is established, that the theory allows a consistent dynamics with nontrivial probability density at the limit $\hbar\to 0$. We identify this dynamics with the classical one, and prove its relativistic invariance. It is shown, that the thermodynamical time becomes proportional to the proper time of the point mass in the conventional classical regime of its evolution with the delta-functional distribution of the probability density.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0702047

Related papers

Classical Dynamics of Quantum Numbers with Arrow of Time

Vadim V. Asadov, Oleg V. Kechkin

We study a quantum theory with complex time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure. In this theory, the real part of the complex time is equal to `usual' physical time, whereas the imaginary one is proportional to inverse absolute temperature of the system. Then, the Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian coincides with conventional operator of energy; the anti-Hermitian part, which is taken as a symmetry operator, defines decay parameters of the theory. We integrate the equations of motion in a Hamiltonian proper basis, and detect a classical dynamics of the corresponding quantum numbers, using their continuous approximation and the zero limit of the Plank's constant. It is proved, that this dynamics possesses a well defined arrow of time in the isothermal and adiabatic regimes of the thermodynamical evolution of the system.

arXiv:hep-th/0702022•Feb 3, 2007•1 citation

Generalized Quantum Dynamics with Arrow of Time

Vadim V. Asadov, Oleg V. Kechkin

It is shown, that quantum theory with complex evolutionary time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure can be used for natural unification of quantum and thermodynamic principles. The theory is postulated as analytical in respect to the parameter of evolution, which real part is identified with the `usual' physical time, whereas the imaginary one is understood as proportional to the inverse absolute temperature. Also, the Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian is put equal to conventional operator of energy. It is shown, that the anti-Hermitian Hamiltonian part, which is taken as commuting with the energy operator, is constructed from parameters of decay of the system. It is established, that quantum dynamics, predicted by this theory, is integrable in the same sense as the corresponding non-modified one, and that it possesses a well defined arrow of time in isothermal and adiabatic regimes of the evolution. It is proved, that average value of the decay operator decreases monotonously (as the function of the physical time) in these important thermodynamical regimes for the arbitrary initial data taken. We discuss possible application of the general formalism developed to construction of time-irreversible modification of a string theory.

arXiv:hep-th/0612122•Dec 13, 2006•4 citations

The wave function and the distribution of the observables in relativistic quantum theory

V. F. Krotov

Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for the boson, neutral and charged, scalar and vector, including the photon, the electron. Uniqueness of this design has been proved. This is a relativistic invariant, describing the probability of the particle observation in points of space-time. The time is deprived of his role of a dynamic parameter of distribution and formally equalized with other coordinates. Also the meaning of the energy-momentum distribution is clarified. Conditions of such distributions observation are described. As applied to the quantum field these structures are transformed into new characteristics of particles distribution in space-time in addition to those for momentum states. Their operators for free fields are obtained. Under such model the Heisenberg's uncertainty relations are grounded for the relativistic particle; both particles and antiparticles turn out to be different states of a single particle; vacuum state of boson quantum field has zero energy.

arXiv:0903.2725•Mar 16, 2009•0 citations

Time and the Evolution of States in Relativistic Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Lawrence Paul Horwitz

A consistent classical and quantum relativistic mechanics can be constructed if Einstein's covariant time is considered as a dynamical variable. The evolution of a system is then parametrized by a universal invariant identified with Newton's time. This theory, originating in the work of Stueckelberg in 1941, contains many questions of interpretation, reaching deeply into the notions of time, localizability, and causality. Some of the basic ideas are discussed here, and as an example, the solution of the two body problem with invariant action-at-a-distance potential is given. A proper generalization of the Maxwell theory of electromagnetic interaction, implied by the Stueckelberg-Schrödinger dynamical evolution equation and its physical implications are also discussed. It is also shown that a similar construction occurs, applying similar ideas, in the theory of gravitation.

arXiv:hep-ph/9606330•Jun 14, 1996•2 citations

Complex-Time Quantum-Thermal-Geometric Dynamics A Unifying Framework on K¨ahler Manifolds

Y. Li

We introduce a unifying theoretical framework based on \emph{complex time} defined on a K\"ahler manifold,which coherently integrates quantum unitary evolution, thermodynamic relaxation, and Riemannian geometric dynamicswithin a single dynamical system. By elevating time from a real parameter to a fundamental complex variable\[\theta = \tau + i \frac{t}{\hbar},\]we demonstrate that quantum mechanics, statistical thermodynamics, and gravitational geometryarise as distinct real-sector projections of an underlying holomorphic structure.A fundamental complex-time evolution equation is derived, which admits consistent Hilbert-space inner products,strict probability conservation, and natural coupling to the spacetime metric \(g_{\mu\nu}\).We prove that the theory reduces exactly to the Schrödinger equation, imaginary-time thermal dynamics,and geometric diffusion in their respective physical limits, while yielding testable predictionsconcerning wave-packet broadening, energy-level renormalization by geometry, and complex causal structure.This framework suggests that observed real spacetime is merely the \emph{real slice} of a fundamental complex manifold,providing a mathematically consistent route toward quantum-gravity unification.

•Mar 13, 2026•0 citations

Thermodynamics for Trajectories of a Mass Point

Y. Kurihara, Nhi My, Nhi My Uyen Quach

On the basis of information theory, a new formalism of classical non-relativistic mechanics of a mass point is proposed. The particle trajectories of a general dynamical system defined on an (1+n)-dimensional smooth manifold are treated geometrically as dynamical variables. Statistical mechanics of particle trajectories are constructed in a classical manner. Thermodynamic variables are introduced through a partition function based on a canonical ensemble of trajectories. Within this theoretical framework, classical mechanics can be interpreted as an equilibrium state of statistical mechanics. The relationships between classical and quantum mechanics are discussed from this statistical mechanical viewpoint. The maximum entropy principle is shown to provide a unified view of both classical and quantum mechanics.

•Aug 14, 2016•1 citation
We present a relativistic quantum mechanics of a point mass with absolute thermodynamic time and temperature, combined to a single complex parameter of evolution. In this theory, the geometric time is introduced as one of space-time coordinates; it does not coincide with the thermodynamic time on the kinematical level. It is established, that the theory allows a consistent dynamics with nontrivial probability density at the limit ℏ→0\hbar\to 0ℏ→0. We identify this dynamics with the classical one, and prove its relativistic invariance. It is shown, that the thermodynamical time becomes proportional to the proper time of the point mass in the conventional classical regime of its evolution with the delta-functional distribution of the probability density.
We study a quantum theory with complex time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure. In this theory, the real part of the complex time is equal to `usual' physical time, whereas the imaginary one is proportional to inverse absolute temperature of the system. Then, the Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian coincides with conventional operator of energy; the anti-Hermitian part, which is taken as a symmetry operator, defines decay parameters of the theory. We integrate the equations of motion in a Hamiltonian proper basis, and detect a classical dynamics of the corresponding quantum numbers, using their continuous approximation and the zero limit of the Plank's constant. It is proved, that this dynamics possesses a well defined arrow of time in the isothermal and adiabatic regimes of the thermodynamical evolution of the system.
It is shown, that quantum theory with complex evolutionary time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure can be used for natural unification of quantum and thermodynamic principles. The theory is postulated as analytical in respect to the parameter of evolution, which real part is identified with the `usual' physical time, whereas the imaginary one is understood as proportional to the inverse absolute temperature. Also, the Hermitian part of the Hamiltonian is put equal to conventional operator of energy. It is shown, that the anti-Hermitian Hamiltonian part, which is taken as commuting with the energy operator, is constructed from parameters of decay of the system. It is established, that quantum dynamics, predicted by this theory, is integrable in the same sense as the corresponding non-modified one, and that it possesses a well defined arrow of time in isothermal and adiabatic regimes of the evolution. It is proved, that average value of the decay operator decreases monotonously (as the function of the physical time) in these important thermodynamical regimes for the arbitrary initial data taken. We discuss possible application of the general formalism developed to construction of time-irreversible modification of a string theory.
Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for the boson, neutral and charged, scalar and vector, including the photon, the electron. Uniqueness of this design has been proved. This is a relativistic invariant, describing the probability of the particle observation in points of space-time. The time is deprived of his role of a dynamic parameter of distribution and formally equalized with other coordinates. Also the meaning of the energy-momentum distribution is clarified. Conditions of such distributions observation are described. As applied to the quantum field these structures are transformed into new characteristics of particles distribution in space-time in addition to those for momentum states. Their operators for free fields are obtained. Under such model the Heisenberg's uncertainty relations are grounded for the relativistic particle; both particles and antiparticles turn out to be different states of a single particle; vacuum state of boson quantum field has zero energy.
A consistent classical and quantum relativistic mechanics can be constructed if Einstein's covariant time is considered as a dynamical variable. The evolution of a system is then parametrized by a universal invariant identified with Newton's time. This theory, originating in the work of Stueckelberg in 1941, contains many questions of interpretation, reaching deeply into the notions of time, localizability, and causality. Some of the basic ideas are discussed here, and as an example, the solution of the two body problem with invariant action-at-a-distance potential is given. A proper generalization of the Maxwell theory of electromagnetic interaction, implied by the Stueckelberg-Schrödinger dynamical evolution equation and its physical implications are also discussed. It is also shown that a similar construction occurs, applying similar ideas, in the theory of gravitation.
We introduce a unifying theoretical framework based on \emph{complex time} defined on a K\"ahler manifold,which coherently integrates quantum unitary evolution, thermodynamic relaxation, and Riemannian geometric dynamicswithin a single dynamical system. By elevating time from a real parameter to a fundamental complex variableθ=τ+itℏ,\theta = \tau + i \frac{t}{\hbar},θ=τ+iℏt​,we demonstrate that quantum mechanics, statistical thermodynamics, and gravitational geometryarise as distinct real-sector projections of an underlying holomorphic structure.A fundamental complex-time evolution equation is derived, which admits consistent Hilbert-space inner products,strict probability conservation, and natural coupling to the spacetime metric gμνg_{\mu\nu}gμν​.We prove that the theory reduces exactly to the Schrödinger equation, imaginary-time thermal dynamics,and geometric diffusion in their respective physical limits, while yielding testable predictionsconcerning wave-packet broadening, energy-level renormalization by geometry, and complex causal structure.This framework suggests that observed real spacetime is merely the \emph{real slice} of a fundamental complex manifold,providing a mathematically consistent route toward quantum-gravity unification.
On the basis of information theory, a new formalism of classical non-relativistic mechanics of a mass point is proposed. The particle trajectories of a general dynamical system defined on an (1+n)-dimensional smooth manifold are treated geometrically as dynamical variables. Statistical mechanics of particle trajectories are constructed in a classical manner. Thermodynamic variables are introduced through a partition function based on a canonical ensemble of trajectories. Within this theoretical framework, classical mechanics can be interpreted as an equilibrium state of statistical mechanics. The relationships between classical and quantum mechanics are discussed from this statistical mechanical viewpoint. The maximum entropy principle is shown to provide a unified view of both classical and quantum mechanics.