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arXiv:hep-th/0510105 · Progress of Theoretical Physics

Improved Taylor Expansion Method in the Ising Model

Tatsumi Aoyama, Toshihiro Matsuo, Y. Shibusa

Published Mar 1, 2006• 5 citations
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Abstract

We apply an improved Taylor expansion method, which is a variational scheme to the Ising model in two dimensions. This method enables us to evaluate the free energy and magnetization in strong coupling regions from the weak coupling expansion, even in the case of a phase transition. We determine the approximate value of the transition point using this scheme. In the presence of an external magnetic field, we find both stable and metastable physical states.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.115.473

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We apply an improved Taylor expansion method, which is a variational scheme to the Ising model in two dimensions. This method enables us to evaluate the free energy and magnetization in strong coupling regions from the weak coupling expansion, even in the case of a phase transition. We determine the approximate value of the transition point using this scheme. In the presence of an external magnetic field, we find both stable and metastable physical states.
A variational approximation to the Ising model in a magnetic field (T< TcT<~{T}_{c}T< Tc​), based on the zero-field solution, yields an upper bound on the free energy, an approximate equation of state, and a lower bound on the magnetization, all having the correct critical indices. In two dimensions, these are numerically evaluated, and compared with the results of series expansions.
We consider a ferromagnet in an external magnetic field with $T\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{c}$. Using a variational approximation based on the zero-field solution, we obtain an upper bound on the free energy, an approximate equation of state, and a lower bound on the magnetization, all having the correct critical indices. Explicit numerical calculations have been carried out for the two-dimensional Ising model, and we find that our results provide a good approximation to the results of series expansions throughout the region $T\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{c}$. We also apply our procedure to the eight-vertex model. Metastability can be discussed within our approximation in a manner analogous to the way it is dealt with in mean-field theory. In our treatment, the critical exponents have nonclassical values, but the pseudocritical exponents all represent square-root singularities, which is the same result as found within mean-field theory.
To study the variational-cumulant expansion (VCE) method, the 2-dimensional Ising model has been selected. The model is evaluated to the sixth order approximation with a scheme for the enumeration of connected diagrams. The internal energy , specific heat and spontaneous magnetization have been calculated. A comparison with the exact results shows that thermodynamic and magnetic quantities converge to the exact values rather quickly and the position of phase transition point approaches to the exact pointstand order by order.
The partition function of the Ising model with NNN spins, written as a functional integral, is approximated by replacing the field ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{l}$ at the lattice site lll by the root-mean-square value of these fields, and evaluating the integral by a saddle-point method. A phase transition, whose mechanism is mathematically similar to that of the spherical model, is predicted at a temperature lower than the Weiss critical temperature. After parametrizing the mean-square field, one may apply a general variational principle to choose the parameters which minimize the difference between the approximate free energy and the exact Ising-model free energy. This optimum choice leads to the Horwitz-Callen theory.
We compute the 2 n -point coupling constants in the high-temperature phase of the two-dimensional Ising model by using transfer-matrix techniques. This provides the first few terms of the expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) and of the equation of state in terms of the renormalized magnetization. By means of a suitable parametric representation, we determine an analytic extension of these expansions, providing the equation of state in the whole critical region in the t , h plane.
The modified Kadanoff's variational method recently considered by us is applied to calculate the free energies and their derivatives for a three-dimensional Ising model with bcc structure and without external magnetic field. We find a critical point at kc=0.162134{k}_{c}=0.162134kc​=0.162134 and the associated critical indices $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.12$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.095$.