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arXiv:cond-mat/0011305 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

The critical equation of state of the two-dimensional Ising model

Michele Caselle, Martin Hasenbusch B, Andrea Pelissetto C, Ettore Vicari

Published Mar 30, 2001• 32 citations
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Abstract

We compute the 2 n -point coupling constants in the high-temperature phase of the two-dimensional Ising model by using transfer-matrix techniques. This provides the first few terms of the expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) and of the equation of state in terms of the renormalized magnetization. By means of a suitable parametric representation, we determine an analytic extension of these expansions, providing the equation of state in the whole critical region in the t , h plane.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/34/14/302

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We compute the 2 n -point coupling constants in the high-temperature phase of the two-dimensional Ising model by using transfer-matrix techniques. This provides the first few terms of the expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) and of the equation of state in terms of the renormalized magnetization. By means of a suitable parametric representation, we determine an analytic extension of these expansions, providing the equation of state in the whole critical region in the t , h plane.
We address the problem of determining the critical equation of state of three-dimensional XY\mathrm{XY}XY systems. For this purpose we first consider the small-field expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) in the high-temperature phase. We compute the first few nontrivial zero-momentum n-point renormalized couplings, which parametrize such expansion, by analyzing the high-temperature expansion of an improved lattice Hamiltonian with suppressed leading scaling corrections. These results are then used to construct parametric representations of the critical equation of state which are valid in the whole critical regime, satisfy the correct analytic properties (Griffith's analyticity), and take into account the Goldstone singularities at the coexistence curve. A systematic approximation scheme is introduced, which is limited essentially by the number of known terms in the small-field expansion of the effective potential. From our approximate representations of the equation of state, we derive estimates of universal ratios of amplitudes. For the specific-heat amplitude ratio we obtain ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.055(3),$ to be compared with the best experimental estimate ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.054(1).$
High-temperature series are computed for a generalized three-dimensional Ising model with arbitrary potential. Three specific "improved" potentials (suppressing leading scaling corrections) are selected by Monte Carlo computation. Critical exponents are extracted from high-temperature series specialized to improved potentials, achieving high accuracy; our best estimates are gamma=1.2371(4), nu=0.630 02(23), alpha=0.1099(7), eta=0.0364(4), beta=0.326 48(18). By the same technique, the coefficients of the small-field expansion for the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) are computed. These results are applied to the construction of parametric representations of the critical equation of state. A systematic approximation scheme, based on a global stationarity condition, is introduced (the lowest-order approximation reproduces the linear parametric model). This scheme is used for an accurate determination of universal ratios of amplitudes. A comparison with other theoretical and experimental determinations of universal quantities is presented.
We compute the 2n-point renormalized coupling constants in the symmetric phase of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model on the simple cubic lattice in terms of the high temperature expansions O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mathrm{B}}}}^{17}$) of the Fourier transformed 2n-point connected correlation functions at zero momentum. Our high temperature estimates of these quantities, which enter into the small field expansion of the effective potential for a 3D scalar field at the infrared fixed point or, equivalently, in the critical equation of state of the 3D Ising model universality class, are compared with recent results obtained by renormalization group methods, strong coupling, stochastic simulations, as well as previous high temperature expansions.
We determine the critical equation of state of three-dimensional randomly dilute Ising systems--- i.e., of the random-exchange Ising universality class. We first consider the small-magnetization expansion of the Helmholtz free energy in the high-temperature phase. Then, we apply a systematic approximation scheme of the equation of state in the whole critical regime, which is based on polynomial parametric representations matching the small-magnetization expansion of the Helmholtz free energy and satisfying a global stationarity condition. These results allow us to estimate several universal amplitude ratios, such as the ratio ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ of the specific-heat amplitudes. Our best estimate ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.6(3)$ is in good agreement with experimental results on dilute uniaxial antiferromagnets.
We have substantially extended the high-temperature and low-magnetic-field (and the related low-temperature and high-magnetic-field) bivariate expansions of the free energy for the conventional three-dimensional Ising model and for a variety of other spin systems generally assumed to belong to the same critical universality class. In particular, we have also derived the analogous expansions for the Ising models with spin s=1,3/2,…s=1,3/2,\dots{}s=1,3/2,… and for the lattice Euclidean scalar-field theory with quartic self-interaction, on the simple-cubic and the body-centered-cubic lattices. Our bivariate high-temperature expansions, which extend through 24th order, enable us to compute, through the same order, all higher derivatives of the free energy with respect to the field, namely, all higher susceptibilities. These data make more accurate checks possible, in critical conditions, both of the scaling and the universality properties with respect to the lattice and the interaction structure and also help to improve an approximate parametric representation of the critical equation of state for the three-dimensional Ising model universality class.