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arXiv:cond-mat/0001440 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Critical equation of state of three-dimensional XY systems

Massimo Campostrini B, Andrea Pelissetto C, Paolo Rossi, Ettore Vicari

Published Sep 1, 2000• 32 citations
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Abstract

We address the problem of determining the critical equation of state of three-dimensional $\mathrm{XY}$ systems. For this purpose we first consider the small-field expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) in the high-temperature phase. We compute the first few nontrivial zero-momentum n-point renormalized couplings, which parametrize such expansion, by analyzing the high-temperature expansion of an improved lattice Hamiltonian with suppressed leading scaling corrections. These results are then used to construct parametric representations of the critical equation of state which are valid in the whole critical regime, satisfy the correct analytic properties (Griffith's analyticity), and take into account the Goldstone singularities at the coexistence curve. A systematic approximation scheme is introduced, which is limited essentially by the number of known terms in the small-field expansion of the effective potential. From our approximate representations of the equation of state, we derive estimates of universal ratios of amplitudes. For the specific-heat amplitude ratio we obtain ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.055(3),$ to be compared with the best experimental estimate ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.054(1).$

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.62.5843

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We address the problem of determining the critical equation of state of three-dimensional XY\mathrm{XY}XY systems. For this purpose we first consider the small-field expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) in the high-temperature phase. We compute the first few nontrivial zero-momentum n-point renormalized couplings, which parametrize such expansion, by analyzing the high-temperature expansion of an improved lattice Hamiltonian with suppressed leading scaling corrections. These results are then used to construct parametric representations of the critical equation of state which are valid in the whole critical regime, satisfy the correct analytic properties (Griffith's analyticity), and take into account the Goldstone singularities at the coexistence curve. A systematic approximation scheme is introduced, which is limited essentially by the number of known terms in the small-field expansion of the effective potential. From our approximate representations of the equation of state, we derive estimates of universal ratios of amplitudes. For the specific-heat amplitude ratio we obtain A+/A\ensuremath−=1.055(3),{A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.055(3),A+/A\ensuremath−=1.055(3), to be compared with the best experimental estimate A+/A\ensuremath−=1.054(1).{A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.054(1).A+/A\ensuremath−=1.054(1).
High-temperature series are computed for a generalized three-dimensional Ising model with arbitrary potential. Three specific "improved" potentials (suppressing leading scaling corrections) are selected by Monte Carlo computation. Critical exponents are extracted from high-temperature series specialized to improved potentials, achieving high accuracy; our best estimates are gamma=1.2371(4), nu=0.630 02(23), alpha=0.1099(7), eta=0.0364(4), beta=0.326 48(18). By the same technique, the coefficients of the small-field expansion for the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) are computed. These results are applied to the construction of parametric representations of the critical equation of state. A systematic approximation scheme, based on a global stationarity condition, is introduced (the lowest-order approximation reproduces the linear parametric model). This scheme is used for an accurate determination of universal ratios of amplitudes. A comparison with other theoretical and experimental determinations of universal quantities is presented.
We determine the critical equation of state of three-dimensional randomly dilute Ising systems--- i.e., of the random-exchange Ising universality class. We first consider the small-magnetization expansion of the Helmholtz free energy in the high-temperature phase. Then, we apply a systematic approximation scheme of the equation of state in the whole critical regime, which is based on polynomial parametric representations matching the small-magnetization expansion of the Helmholtz free energy and satisfying a global stationarity condition. These results allow us to estimate several universal amplitude ratios, such as the ratio ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ of the specific-heat amplitudes. Our best estimate ${A}^{+}{/A}^{\ensuremath{-}}=1.6(3)$ is in good agreement with experimental results on dilute uniaxial antiferromagnets.
We improve the theoretical estimates of the critical exponents for the three-dimensional XY\mathrm{XY}XY universality class. We find $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}0.0146(8),$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.3177(5),$ $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.67155(27),$ $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.0380(4),$ $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.3485(2),$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}=4.780(2).$ We observe a discrepancy with the most recent experimental estimate of $\ensuremath{\alpha};$ this discrepancy calls for further theoretical and experimental investigations. Our results are obtained by combining Monte Carlo simulations based on finite-size scaling methods, and high-temperature expansions. Two improved models (with suppressed leading scaling corrections) are selected by Monte Carlo computation. The critical exponents are computed from high-temperature expansions specialized to these improved models. By the same technique we determine the coefficients of the small-magnetization expansion of the equation of state. This expansion is extended analytically by means of approximate parametric representations, obtaining the equation of state in the whole critical region. We also determine the specific-heat amplitude ratio.
We determine the scaling equation of state of the three-dimensional O(4) universality class, which is relevant for the finite-temperature transition of quantum chromodynamics with two light flavors. We first consider the small-field expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy). Then, we apply a systematic approximation scheme based on polynomial parametric representations that are valid in the whole critical regime, satisfy the correct analytic properties (Griffiths' analyticity), take into account the Goldstone singularities at the coexistence curve, and match the small-field expansion of the effective potential. From the approximate representations of the equation of state, we obtain estimates of several universal amplitude ratios.
We improve the theoretical estimates of the critical exponents for the three-dimensional XY universality class. We fine alpha=-0.0146(8), gamma =1.3177(5), nu =0.671 55(27), eta =0.0380(4), beta =0.3485(2), and delta =4.780(2). We observe a discrepancy with the most recent experimental estimate of alpha; this discrepancy calls for further theoretical and experimental investigations. Our results are obtained by combining Monte Carlo simulations based on finite-size scaling methods, and high-temperature expansions. Two improved models (with suppressed leading scaling corrections) are selected by Monte Carlo computation. The critical exponents are computed from high-temperature expansions specialized to these improved models. By the same technique we determine the coefficients of the small-magnetization expansion of the equation of state. This expansion is extended analytically by means of approximate parametric representations, obtaining the equation of state in the whole critical region. We also determine the specific-heat amplitude ratio.
We compute the 2 n -point coupling constants in the high-temperature phase of the two-dimensional Ising model by using transfer-matrix techniques. This provides the first few terms of the expansion of the effective potential (Helmholtz free energy) and of the equation of state in terms of the renormalized magnetization. By means of a suitable parametric representation, we determine an analytic extension of these expansions, providing the equation of state in the whole critical region in the t , h plane.