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arXiv:hep-th/0404074

Analysis of wave equations for spin-1 particles interacting with an electromagnetic field

Alexander J. Silenko

Published Apr 9, 2004• 7 citations
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Abstract

The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic spin-1 particles interacting with nonuniform electric and uniform magnetic fields is performed. The Hamilton operator in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation is determined. It agrees with the Lagrangian obtained by Pomeransky, Khriplovich, and Sen'kov. The classical and quantum formulae for the Hamiltonian agree. The validity of the Corben-Schwinger equations is confirmed. However, it is difficult to generalize these equations in order to take into account the quadrupole moment defined by a particle charge distribution. The known second-order wave equations are not quite satisfactory because they contain non-Hermitian terms. The Hermitian second-order wave equation is derived.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0404074

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The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic spin-1 particles interacting with nonuniform electric and uniform magnetic fields is performed. The Hamilton operator in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation is determined. It agrees with the Lagrangian obtained by Pomeransky, Khriplovich, and Sen'kov. The classical and quantum formulae for the Hamiltonian agree. The validity of the Corben-Schwinger equations is confirmed. However, it is difficult to generalize these equations in order to take into account the quadrupole moment defined by a particle charge distribution. The known second-order wave equations are not quite satisfactory because they contain non-Hermitian terms. The Hermitian second-order wave equation is derived.
The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic spin-1 particles interacting with nonuniform electric and uniform magnetic fields is performed. The Hamilton operator in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation is determined. It agrees with the Lagrangian obtained by Pomeransky, Khriplovich, and Sen'kov. The validity of the Corben-Schwinger equations is confirmed. However, an attempt to generalize these equations in order to take into account the own quadrupole moment of particles was not successful. The known second-order wave equations are incorrect because they contain non-Hermitian terms. The correct second-order wave equation is derived.
We have applied the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation to spin-1 particles interacting with a nonuniform electromagnetic field. This allowed us to simultaneously confirm that the Pomeransky-Khriplovich-Sen’kov theory is valid and that the interaction of spin 1-particles with a weak field is properly described by the Corben-Schwinger equation. We analyzed the possibilities for experimentally testing theoretical conclusions by observing spin oscillations for the planar channeling of particles or nuclei in straight crystals. By carrying out such experiments, we can also detect the spin oscillations produced by electromagnetic interaction and measure the quadrupole moments of short-lived nuclei.
A canonical transformation similar to that given by Foldy and Wouthuysen is obtained for the spin zero and one theories. For free particles positive and negative charge states are separately described by one or three component wave functions. It is found that the resulting forms for operators and the non-relativistic limits are quite similar to that for spin \textonehalf{}. The resulting similarity is found to carry over to still higher spins. Particles moving in magnetic fields are described most simply using the transformed representation.
We show that the origin of the nonequivalence of Hamiltonians in different representations is a change of the form of the time-derivative operator at a time-dependent unitary transformation. This nonequivalence does not lead to an ambiguity of the energy expectation values of a particle in nonstationary fields but assigns the basic representation. It has been explicitly or implicitly supposed in previous investigations that this representation is the Dirac one. We prove the alternative assertion about the basic role of the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. We also derive the general equation for the energy expectation values in the Dirac representation. As an example, we consider a spin-1/2 particle with anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments in strong time-dependent electromagnetic fields. We apply the obtained results to a spin-1/2 particle in a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave and give an example of the exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation in the nonstationary case.