Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:hep-th/0312107

Magneto-electric Effect and Magnetic Charge

T. Pradhan

Published Dec 10, 2003• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

It is shown that both the electric and magnetic dipole moment vectors of hydrogen atom in the excited states with wave function $$ u_n^{(\pm)} = {1\over\sqrt 2} [R_{n,n-1}(r) Y_{n-1,\pm (n-2)}(θϕ) \pm R_{n,n-2}(r) Y_{n-2,\pm (n-2)}(θϕ)]$$ align themselves in the direction of an external uniform electric field which is characteristic of magneto-electric effect. These states are found to have magnetic charge $g={3n\over (n-2)e}$ on account of this effect. This result is confirmed by an independent method. An experiment is suggested to fabricate these states and detect the magnetic charge. It ma be worth noting that inspite of many experimental searchs, magnetic charge, whose existence has been theorized both in electrodynamics and non-abelian gauge theories, none have been found so far, nor there exist any suggstion as to where these are to be found.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0312107

Related papers

Fabrication of Magnetic Charge From Excited States of H-atom

T. Pradhan

It is shown that the excited states of hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark States) posess magnetic charge whose magnitude is given by a Dirac-Saha type relation: $$ {eg\over \hbar c} = \sqrt 3 n $$ An experiment is proposed to fabricate such states and to detect their magnetic charge.

arXiv:quant-ph/9712007•Dec 3, 1997•0 citations

Stark-induced anapole magnetic fields inn= 2 hydrogen

Robert R. Lewis, A. Góngora-T

This paper presents results for the anapole magnetic field moment due to the mixing of states with opposite parity in the n = 2 hydrogen atom in an external constant electric field. The evaluation of the current densities of the four n = 2 states is carried out to first order in the field strength. These current densities and their associated magnetic fields are expanded in multipoles, including both the ordinary poloidal and the toroidal fields. The dominant contribution to the toroidal dipole (anapole) magnetic field comes from the strong mixing of the degenerate 2S, 2P states within the n = 2 shell. A brief discussion is also presented of the electronic scattering from the anapole field of a Rydberg atom. The experimental conditions under which the atomic anapole field could be detected are critically considered, in particular, in terms of the quasi-resonant dependence of the anapole field on the applied electric field.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Aug 28, 1998•3 citations

On the diffraction of the magnetic electron

C. G. DARWIN

Abstract 1. As soon as it was appreciated that the phenomenon of the "spinning electron" was to be attributed to the existance of simultaneous wave functions, the question naturally arose as to how far there would be an analogy with the polarisation of light, and in particular whether in diffraction by a slit or grating or in reflexion from a mirror, electrons would be selected having a preferential direction of magnetisation. Dynamical conceptions suggest that it would require a magnetic force to produce a change in the polarisation, so that the general indication was rather strongly negative, and it seemed hardly worth while to verify the fact by direct soultion. I believe, however, that recently experiments have been undertaken to search for such an effect (by means of successive diffractions from two crystals), and in view of this I have examined the question more closely. The result, broadly speaking, bears out the first conjecture that no effect could be observed in practice, but in certain cases (of a rather hypothetical kind) an effect might be found and the whole problem is interesting as an example of the wave theory. The essence of the matter is sufficiently represented by taking a line grating instead of a crystal, and, furthermore, by limiting the electric and magnetic forces of the grating in such a way that there shall only be first order spectra on each side, two reflected and two transmitted. The grating is supposed made out of periodic distribution of electric or magnetic material. Actual crystals will consist of almost purely electric material, but the magnetic case is as easy to treat and, though unpractical, gives rise to interesting results. It will appear that when a polarised electron wave falls on such a grating, the direction of magnetisation may be changed in the diffracted rays. It is a true polarisation effect in that the change in direction is independent of the strength of the field in the grating, which only determines the total intensity.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character•Oct 1, 1928•13 citations

The hydrogen atom in electric and magnetic fields : Pauli\'s 1926 article

Galliano Valent A

The results obtained by Pauli, in his 1926 article on the hydrogen atom, made essential use of the dynamical so(4) symmetry of the bound states. Pauli used this symmetry to compute the perturbed energy levels of an hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark effect) and in uniform electric and magnetic fields. Although the experimental check of the single Stark effect on the hydrogen atom has been studied experimentally, Pauli\'s results in mixed fields have been studied only for Rydberg states of rubidium atoms in crossedfields and lithium atoms in parallel fields.

•Dec 2, 2002•14 citations

The Hydrogen Atom in the Stark Effect

Francis G. Slack

Characteristics of the hydrogen atom wave function, which show the statistical distribution of electronic charge with respect to the nucleus and electric field, are computed for the first five quantum states. The results are tabulated and are represented graphically for one state as an example. The average coordinates of the electronic charge are also computed and included in the tabulation.

Physical Review•May 15, 1930•5 citations

The hydrogen atom in electric and magnetic fields: Pauli’s 1926 article

Galliano Valent A

The results obtained by Pauli in his 1926 article on the hydrogen atom made essential use of the dynamical so(4) symmetry of the bound states. Pauli used this symmetry to calculate the perturbed energy levels of an hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark effect) and in uniform electric and magnetic fields. Although the Stark effect in hydrogen has been studied experimentally, Pauli’s results in mixed fields have been studied only for Rydberg states of rubidium atoms in crossed fields and for lithium atoms in parallel fields.

arXiv:quant-ph/0212010•American Journal of Physics•Jan 10, 2003•20 citations
It is shown that both the electric and magnetic dipole moment vectors of hydrogen atom in the excited states with wave function un(±)=12[Rn,n−1(r)Yn−1,±(n−2)(θϕ)±Rn,n−2(r)Yn−2,±(n−2)(θϕ)] u_n^{(\pm)} = {1\over\sqrt 2} [R_{n,n-1}(r) Y_{n-1,\pm (n-2)}(θϕ) \pm R_{n,n-2}(r) Y_{n-2,\pm (n-2)}(θϕ)]un(±)​=2​1​[Rn,n−1​(r)Yn−1,±(n−2)​(θϕ)±Rn,n−2​(r)Yn−2,±(n−2)​(θϕ)] align themselves in the direction of an external uniform electric field which is characteristic of magneto-electric effect. These states are found to have magnetic charge g=3n(n−2)eg={3n\over (n-2)e}g=(n−2)e3n​ on account of this effect. This result is confirmed by an independent method. An experiment is suggested to fabricate these states and detect the magnetic charge. It ma be worth noting that inspite of many experimental searchs, magnetic charge, whose existence has been theorized both in electrodynamics and non-abelian gauge theories, none have been found so far, nor there exist any suggstion as to where these are to be found.
It is shown that the excited states of hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark States) posess magnetic charge whose magnitude is given by a Dirac-Saha type relation: egℏc=3n {eg\over \hbar c} = \sqrt 3 n ℏceg​=3​n An experiment is proposed to fabricate such states and to detect their magnetic charge.
This paper presents results for the anapole magnetic field moment due to the mixing of states with opposite parity in the n = 2 hydrogen atom in an external constant electric field. The evaluation of the current densities of the four n = 2 states is carried out to first order in the field strength. These current densities and their associated magnetic fields are expanded in multipoles, including both the ordinary poloidal and the toroidal fields. The dominant contribution to the toroidal dipole (anapole) magnetic field comes from the strong mixing of the degenerate 2S, 2P states within the n = 2 shell. A brief discussion is also presented of the electronic scattering from the anapole field of a Rydberg atom. The experimental conditions under which the atomic anapole field could be detected are critically considered, in particular, in terms of the quasi-resonant dependence of the anapole field on the applied electric field.
Abstract 1. As soon as it was appreciated that the phenomenon of the "spinning electron" was to be attributed to the existance of simultaneous wave functions, the question naturally arose as to how far there would be an analogy with the polarisation of light, and in particular whether in diffraction by a slit or grating or in reflexion from a mirror, electrons would be selected having a preferential direction of magnetisation. Dynamical conceptions suggest that it would require a magnetic force to produce a change in the polarisation, so that the general indication was rather strongly negative, and it seemed hardly worth while to verify the fact by direct soultion. I believe, however, that recently experiments have been undertaken to search for such an effect (by means of successive diffractions from two crystals), and in view of this I have examined the question more closely. The result, broadly speaking, bears out the first conjecture that no effect could be observed in practice, but in certain cases (of a rather hypothetical kind) an effect might be found and the whole problem is interesting as an example of the wave theory. The essence of the matter is sufficiently represented by taking a line grating instead of a crystal, and, furthermore, by limiting the electric and magnetic forces of the grating in such a way that there shall only be first order spectra on each side, two reflected and two transmitted. The grating is supposed made out of periodic distribution of electric or magnetic material. Actual crystals will consist of almost purely electric material, but the magnetic case is as easy to treat and, though unpractical, gives rise to interesting results. It will appear that when a polarised electron wave falls on such a grating, the direction of magnetisation may be changed in the diffracted rays. It is a true polarisation effect in that the change in direction is independent of the strength of the field in the grating, which only determines the total intensity.
The results obtained by Pauli, in his 1926 article on the hydrogen atom, made essential use of the dynamical so(4) symmetry of the bound states. Pauli used this symmetry to compute the perturbed energy levels of an hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark effect) and in uniform electric and magnetic fields. Although the experimental check of the single Stark effect on the hydrogen atom has been studied experimentally, Pauli\'s results in mixed fields have been studied only for Rydberg states of rubidium atoms in crossedfields and lithium atoms in parallel fields.
The results obtained by Pauli in his 1926 article on the hydrogen atom made essential use of the dynamical so(4) symmetry of the bound states. Pauli used this symmetry to calculate the perturbed energy levels of an hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark effect) and in uniform electric and magnetic fields. Although the Stark effect in hydrogen has been studied experimentally, Pauli’s results in mixed fields have been studied only for Rydberg states of rubidium atoms in crossed fields and for lithium atoms in parallel fields.