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arXiv:hep-th/0111197

Quantum correlations, measurement and the origin of uncertainty

Daniele Tommasini

Published Nov 22, 2001• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

I argue that the correlations that are predicted by Quantum Field Theory should not be interpreted as a real sign of non locality.
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0111197

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I show that Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) predicts a sort of uncertainty principle on the number of the "soft photons" that can be produced in coincidence with the particles that are observed in any EPR experiment. This result is argued to be sufficient to remove the original EPR paradox. A signature of this soft-photons solution of the EPR paradox would be the observation of apparent symmetry violation in single events. On the other hand, in the case of the EPR experiments that have actually been realized, the QED correlations are argued to be very close to those calculated by the previous, incomplete treatment, which showed a good agreement with the data. Finally, the usual interpretation of the correlations themselves as a real sign of nonlocality is also criticized.
Bell's theorem demonstrates that no local deterministic theory can reproduce the complete set of correlations predicted by standard quantum mechanics. The present work accepts Bell's theorem as mathematically correct but questions the physical interpretation of the quantum correlation function used in Bell analyses. It is argued that entangled particles inherit a complete common physical state at their creation and that subsequent measurements reveal selected observables of this state rather than generating new information or requiring superluminal communication. The paper further proposes that the standard quantum correlation function, (E(θ)=−cosθ), incorporates additional angular dependence beyond the information physically established at the source. Under this interpretation, the observed violation of Bell inequalities arises from the mathematical structure of the correlation function rather than from nonlocal information transfer between distant particles. An explicit local common-source model is presented, leading to a piecewise linear correlation function and motivating a decomposition of the standard quantum prediction into a local component and a supplementary angular term.
We derive a Bell-like inequality involving all correlations in local observables with uncertainty free states and show that the inequality is violated in quantum mechanics for EPR and GHZ states. If the uncertainties are allowed in local observables then the statistical predictions of hidden variable theory is well respected in quantum world. We argue that the uncertainties play a key role in understanding the non-locality issues in quantum world. Thus we can not rule out the possibility that a local, realistic hidden variable theory with statistical uncertainties in the observables might reproduce all the results of quantum theory.