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arXiv:cond-mat/9912320 · Physical Review Letters

One-Dimensional Metallic Behavior of the Stripe Phase in La2−xSrxCuO4

Marcus Fleck, Alexander I. Lichtenstein, Eva Pavarini, Andrzej M. Oleś

Published May 22, 2000• 89 citations
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Abstract

Using an exact diagonalization method within the dynamical mean-field theory we found stable stripe phases in the two-dimensional Hubbard model doped by $0.03<\ensuremath{\delta}<0.2$ holes, with a crossover from diagonal to vertical site-centered stripes at doping $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.05$. The doping dependence of the size of magnetic domains and chemical potential shift $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{2}$ are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. The one-dimensional metallic behavior along the domain walls explains the observed suppression of spectral weight along the Brillouin zone diagonal.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.84.4962

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Using an exact diagonalization method within the dynamical mean-field theory we found stable stripe phases in the two-dimensional Hubbard model doped by 0.03<\ensuremathδ<0.20.03<\ensuremath{\delta}<0.20.03<\ensuremathδ<0.2 holes, with a crossover from diagonal to vertical site-centered stripes at doping \ensuremathδ\ensuremath≃0.05\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.05\ensuremathδ\ensuremath≃0.05. The doping dependence of the size of magnetic domains and chemical potential shift \ensuremathΔ\ensuremathμ\ensuremath∝\ensuremath−\ensuremathδ2\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{2}\ensuremathΔ\ensuremathμ\ensuremath∝\ensuremath−\ensuremathδ2 are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results for La2\ensuremath−xSrxCuO4{\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}La2\ensuremath−x​Srx​CuO4​. The one-dimensional metallic behavior along the domain walls explains the observed suppression of spectral weight along the Brillouin zone diagonal.
We studied the ground state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model near half filling on the square lattice. Using Variational Monte Carlo method, we show that the diagonal stripe state of bond-centered type, in which the domain wall is located between two sites, becomes more stable than the vertical stripe state when the doping hole density x is as low as x ≃0.06. The inverse of stripe periodicity δ and the hole density x are observed to have the relationship δ∼ x (δ< x ) for the bond-centered diagonal stripe state (the vertical stripe state) in the light-doping region. These results are in good agreement with elastic neutron scattering experiments in La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 .
Using an exact diagonalization method within the dynamical mean-field theory we analyze the stable stripe structures found in the two-dimensional Hubbard model doped by $0.03<\ensuremath{\delta}<0.2$ holes, and discuss a scenario for stripe melting. Our results demonstrate the importance of dynamical correlations which lead to the metallic stripes, in contrast to the Hartree-Fock picture. The spectral functions show a coexistence of the coherent quasiparticles (polaron band) close to the Fermi energy \ensuremath{\mu}, and incoherent states at lower energies. The quasiparticles in the polaron band depend on hole doping, and hybridize strongly with the partly filled mid-gap band within the Mott-Hubbard gap, induced by stripe order. This explains the origin of nondispersive quasiparticles close to the Fermi energy \ensuremath{\mu}, observed near the $X=(\ensuremath{\pi},0)$ and $Y=(0,\ensuremath{\pi})$ points for the samples with coexisting (10) and (01) stripes. We reproduce the gap which opens for charge excitations at the $S=(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2)$ point, observed in the angle-resolved photoemission experiments for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4},$ and a pseudogap in the integrated spectral density pinned to \ensuremath{\mu}. Finally, we show that large spectral weight close to $\ensuremath{\mu}$ moves from the X to the S point when the second neighbor hopping element increases, and the (01) stripe phase is destabilized by kink fluctuations.
The mean-field study of the stripe phases of the t - t '- U Hubbard model confirms the formation of the in-gap subbands of states localized on the domain walls. For bond-aligned stripes it is shown that segments of Fermi surfaces in antinodal and nodal directions correspond to the in-gap band or to that delocalized over a whole antiferromagnet domain. This can explain the dichotomy between the corresponding quasiparticles in La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4 (LSCO) and the suppression of spectral weight in the nodal direction in underdoped LSCO. The Fermi surface changes its topology with doping. It is confirmed also that diagonal stripes can provide an insulating state at nonzero doping.
Applying the dynamical mean-field theory to the two-dimensional Hubbard model, we calculate self-consistent solutions of doped antiferromagnets with spatially varying spin density ‹ n iσ › using realistic tight-binding parameters. The local self-energy of the supercell includes transverse and longitudinal spin fluctuations with an effective local potential due to short-range electron-electron correlations. It is found that metallic stripes are stabilized by a pseudogap. The stripes along (1,0) direction filled by one hole per two-domain wall unit cells change with increasing Coulomb interaction U to the more extended stripes along (1,1) direction consisting of four atoms filled by 1/4 doped hole each. These findings agree qualitatively with the experimental observations in the superconducting cuprates, and predict a qualitative difference between various compounds due to differences in the extended hopping parameters. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The two-dimensional $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model with and without ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${t}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ hopping-terms is studied by exact diagonalization on a $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ cluster, which realizes a hole stripe in y direction in a spin-Peierls phase. Next nearest hopping terms with a sign appropriate for hole-doped cuprates enhance the stripe formation. The dispersion of the quasiparticle peaks in the single-particle spectrum is in good agreement with bond operator theory for hole motion in the spin-Peierls phase, particularly so for realistic values of ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${t}^{\ensuremath{''}}.$ The resulting spectral weight distribution and Fermi surface agree well with experimental angle-resolved photoemission spectra on La1.28Nd0.6Sr0.12CuO4.{\mathrm{La}}_{1.28}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.12}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}.La1.28​Nd0.6​Sr0.12​CuO4​.
Based on an unrestricted Gutzwiller approximation (GA) we investigate static stripe configurations with regard to the orientation and periodicity in an extended one-band Hubbard model. A negative ratio between next-nearest-neighbor and nearest-neighbor hoppings, ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}/t,$ as appropriate for cuprates, favors partially filled (metallic) stripes for both vertical and diagonal configurations. At around optimal doping diagonal stripes and site centered (SC) and bond centered (BC) vertical stripes become degenerate suggesting strong lateral and orientational fluctuations. We find that within the GA the resulting phase diagram is in agreement with experiment whereas it is not in the Hartree-Fock approximation due to a strong overestimation of the stripe filling. Results are in agreement with previous calculations within the three-band Hubbard model but with the role of SC and BC stripes interchanged.