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arXiv:cond-mat/9904418

Detecting Josephson effect in the excitonic condensate by coherent emission of light

Anatoly B. Kuklov

Published Apr 28, 1999• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Coherent emission of light by a split excitonic Bose-Einstein condensate -- excitonic Josephson junction -- can be extremely sensitive to the Josephson phase established across the junction. As a result of this, the emission can be redistributed between different directions and even cancelled. The cases of the dipole- and of the quadrupole-active excitons are considered.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9904418

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Coherent emission of light by a split excitonic Bose-Einstein condensate -- excitonic Josephson junction -- can be extremely sensitive to the Josephson phase established across the junction. As a result of this, the emission can be redistributed between different directions and even cancelled. The cases of the dipole- and of the quadrupole-active excitons are considered.
Josephson junctions are the basis for the most sensitive magnetic flux detectors, the definition of the unit volt by the Josephson voltage standard, and superconducting digital and quantum computing.They result from the coupling of two coherent quantum states, as they occur in superconductors, superfluids, atomic Bose Einstein Condensates (BECs), and exciton-polariton condensates.In their ground state, Josephson junctions are characterized by an intrinsic phase jump.Controlling this phase jump is fundamental for applications in computing.Here, we experimentally demonstrate controllable phase relations between photon BECs resulting from particle exchange in a thermo-optically tunable potential landscape.Our experiment realizes an optical analog of a controllable 0,π -Josephson junction.By connecting several junctions, we can study a reconfigurable 4-condensate system demonstrating the potential of our approach for analog spin-glass simulation.More generally, the combination of static and dynamic nanostructuring techniques introduced in our work offers a powerful platform for the implementation of adaptive optical systems for paraxial light in and outside of thermal equilibrium.
A new effect—light backscattering from exciton Bose-condensate—is considered. This effect is connected with the photoinduced coherent recombination of two excitons in the condensate with the production of two photons with opposite momenta. The effect of two-exciton coherent recombination leads also to the appearance of the second-order coherence in exciton luminescence connected with squeezing between photon states with opposite momenta. The estimations given for Cu 2 O and GaAs excitons show that the effect of stimulated light backscattering can be detected experimentally. Moreover, in the system of 2D excitons in coupled quantum wells, the effect of stimulated anomalous light transmission must also take place. Anologous effects can also take place in systems of Bose-condensed atoms in excited (but metastable) states.
The spectrum shape of atomic radiation in the case of ideal Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) excited by quantized light is derived through the Wigner–Weisskopf approximation. Besides the split and gap in the excitation spectrum, a doublet structure appears in the emission spectrum with different widths for the non-resonant case and the same widths for the resonant case. The survival probability is found to decrease exponentially for the non-resonant case and with oscillation for the resonant case. A suppressed radiation also appears in the non-resonant case. All these results can be used to detect the existence of BE condensation.
ABSTRACT The new effect stimulated light backstattering and anomalous light transmission in Bose-condensed excitonsystem are considered. The effects are connected with photoinduced coherent recombination of two excitonsfrom the condensate with production of two photons with opposite momenta. The effect of two-exciton coherentrecombination leads also to the appearence of the second order coherence in exciton luminescence connectedwith squeezing between photon states with opposite momenta. Coherent 3- and 4-photon emission processesstimulted by respectively two and three laser beams are also considered.Keywords: nanostructure, quantum well, nanooptics, exciton, Bose condensationThe great progress has been made in the study of exciton Bose-condensation of exciton systems in quantumwells (QW) and Cu20 (see, e. g. [1—7] and references therein). However, the study of various ways which excitoncondensate should unambiguously reveal itself by its optical properties is still vital [3, 4].We analyze the coherent coupling of photons with opposite momenta, originating from coherent recombina-tion of two excitons from the condensate. We reveal that this process leads to new effect — stimulated lightbackscattering on exciton condensate. This effect can be viewed as a photoinduced coherent recombination oftwo condensate excitons with production of two photons with opposite momenta. We also consider analagouscoherent many-photon processes.Before we analyse the system of quasi-2D excitons in QW let us first consider the simpler case of 3D excitonsin Cu20. Direct recombination of electron and hole in Cu20 is a forbidden process and an exciton decays mainlywith production of a photon as well as of an optical phonon (Fig. 1 (a)). The process of two exciton recombination( Fig. 1(b)) has extra vertex of exciton—photon interaction and, therefore, is substantially weaker.