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arXiv:cond-mat/9811165

The integrable open XXZ chain with broken Z_2 symmetry

Murray T. Batchelor

Published Nov 12, 1998• 0 citations
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Abstract

The hamiltonian of an asymmetric diffusion process with injection and ejection of particles at the ends of a chain of finite length is known to be relevant to that of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with integrable boundary terms. However, the inclusion of boundary sources and sinks of particles breaks the arrow-reversal symmetry necessary for solution via the usual Bethe Ansatz approach. Developments in solving the model in the absence of arrow-reversal symmetry are discussed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9811165

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We propose a Bethe-ansatz-type solution of the open spin-1/2 integrable XXZ quantum spin chain with general integrable boundary terms and bulk anisotropy values iπ/( p +1), where p is a positive integer. All six boundary parameters are arbitrary, and need not satisfy any constraint. The solution is in terms of generalized T – Q equations, having more than one Q function. We find numerical evidence that this solution gives the complete set of 2 N transfer matrix eigenvalues, where N is the number of spins.
The XXX spin- \frac{1}{2} 1 2 Heisenberg chain with non-diagonal boundary fields represents a cornerstone model in the study of integrable systems with open boundaries. Despite its significance, solving this model exactly has remained a formidable challenge due to the breaking of U(1) U ( 1 ) symmetry. Building on the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz (ODBA), we derive a set of nonlinear integral equations (NLIEs) that encapsulate the exact spectrum of the model. For U(1) U ( 1 ) symmetric spin- \frac{1}{2} 1 2 chains such NLIEs involve two functions a(x) a ( x ) and \bar{a}(x) a ‾ ( x ) coupled by an integration kernel with short-ranged elements. The solution functions show characteristic features for arguments at some length scale which grows logarithmically with system size N N . In the case considered here the U(1) U ( 1 ) symmetry is broken by the non-diagonal boundary fields and the equations involve a novel third function c(x) c ( x ) , which captures the inhomogeneous contributions to the T T - Q Q relation in the ODBA. The kernel elements coupling this function to the standard ones are long-ranged and lead for the ground-state to a winding phenomenon. In \log(1+a(x)) log ( 1 + a ( x ) ) and \log(1+\bar a(x)) log ( 1 + a ‾ ( x ) )