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arXiv:cond-mat/9702212 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Spin-charge separation in angle-resolved photoemission spectra

Hidekatsu Suzuura, Naoto Nagaosa

Published Aug 15, 1997• 44 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The implications of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on the issue of spin-charge separation are discussed from the viewpoint of slave-particle resonating-valence-bond theories. It is pointed out that the nonlocal phase string is essential to reproduce the two-peak structure experimentally observed in SrCuO${}_{2}$. The comparison between one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases is also made.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.56.3548

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arXiv:cond-mat/0405522•Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Sep 1, 2004•1 citation
The implications of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on the issue of spin-charge separation are discussed from the viewpoint of slave-particle resonating-valence-bond theories. It is pointed out that the nonlocal phase string is essential to reproduce the two-peak structure experimentally observed in SrCuO2{}_{2}2​. The comparison between one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases is also made.
SrCuO 2 has long been considered a near-archetypal realization of a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) system of interacting electrons with short-range interactions. Within this framework, experimental observations — interpreted through the lens of the 1D Hubbard model — suggest that electron and hole excitations decay into two types of (unphysical) collective bosonic modes: “spinons”, which carry the spin degree of freedom, and “holons, which carry the charge degree of freedom. This model, known as spin-charge separation, is most directly evidenced by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), where a photo-induced hole decays into a continuum of these excitations. Here we present an alternative perspective grounded in first-principles, self-consistent, and parameter-free many-body perturbation theory. In this revised quasiparticle framework, ARPES can be understood as a one-body effect arising from mild disorder in a long-range antiferromagnetic ground state. the emergence of the so-called spinon branch arises naturally from spin disorder, the anomalous linewidths are accurately captured, and we provide a compelling explanation for the spectral weight observed at the non-magnetic zone boundary. This reinterpretation provides a unified explanation for key experimental signatures previously attributed to spin-charge separation, including features observed in optical conductivity. Additionally, we show that SrCuO 2 exhibits a nontrivial interchain coupling that significantly influences both its one-particle and two-particle spectral functions. By comparing the spectral features of SrCuO 2 with those of La 2 CuO 4 , we argue that SrCuO 2 shares notable similarities with the two-dimensional cuprates—both being rooted in a common CuO 4 plaquette-based molecular orbital framework.
The spin-charge separation (SCS) in 1D and 2D are discussed from the viewpoint of gauge theory. For 1D I discuss the angle-resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES), which show clear evidence for the spin-charge separation. For 2D the underdoped cuprates are discussed, where the three classes of electronic state, i.e., the Néel state (N), the valence-bond solid (VBS) state and the resonating-valence-bond (RVB) state, are relevant. These states can be understood in terms of the competition between (i) magnetic ordering versus singlet formation and (ii) confinement versus deconfinement of the gauge field. It is fairly easy to understand the former, (i), but the latter, (ii), is more subtle and has not yet been established. I argue that the deconfining phase, i.e., the RVB state, is a new state of matter with SCS, and is realized when the sheet resistance is less than a critical value of the order of the quantum resistance . This condition is equivalent to that for superconductivity in the Josephson network model. The anomalous Kondo effect due to the non-magnetic impurities doped into the system reflects the non-Fermi-liquid nature of the host electronic state, and hence is the most promising experimental evidence for this new state of matter. We put special emphasis on the residual resistivity, and propose that its value provides a clear test for SCS.
The two-dimensional $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model with and without ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${t}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ hopping-terms is studied by exact diagonalization on a $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$ cluster, which realizes a hole stripe in y direction in a spin-Peierls phase. Next nearest hopping terms with a sign appropriate for hole-doped cuprates enhance the stripe formation. The dispersion of the quasiparticle peaks in the single-particle spectrum is in good agreement with bond operator theory for hole motion in the spin-Peierls phase, particularly so for realistic values of ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${t}^{\ensuremath{''}}.$ The resulting spectral weight distribution and Fermi surface agree well with experimental angle-resolved photoemission spectra on La1.28Nd0.6Sr0.12CuO4.{\mathrm{La}}_{1.28}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.12}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}.La1.28​Nd0.6​Sr0.12​CuO4​.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES) are calculated in the Hubbard model by using cluster perturbation method. It is found that in a cluster of 12 sites, the local density of states displays the phase transition from normal conductor to Mott insulator with the increase of the electron-electron coupling. We show that a pseudogap develops from the metallic phase to the insulating phase. Evidence of spin-charge separation is also verified in the calculated single particle spectral functions.
The recent advances in angle-resolved photoemission techniques allowed the unambiguous experimental confirmation of spin-charge decoupling in quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Mott insulators. This opportunity stimulates a quantitative analysis of the spectral function $A(k,\ensuremath{\omega})$ of prototypical one-dimensional correlated models. Here we combine Bethe Ansatz results, Lanczos diagonalizations, and field theoretical approaches to obtain $A(k,\ensuremath{\omega})$ for the 1D Hubbard model as a function of the interaction strength. By introducing a single spinon approximation, an analytic expression is obtained, which shows the location of the singularities and allows, when supplemented by numerical calculations, to obtain an accurate estimate of the spectral weight distribution in the $(k,\ensuremath{\omega})$ plane. Several experimental puzzles on the observed intensities and line-shapes in quasi-1D compounds such as SrCuO2{\text{SrCuO}}_{2}SrCuO2​, find a natural explanation in this theoretical framework.
Recently observed splitting in angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on Bi 2 Sr 2 − x La x CuO 6 + δ high-temperature superconductor (Janowitz C. et al. , Europhys. Lett. 60 (2002) 615) is interpreted within the phenomenological Luttinger-liquid framework, in which both the non-Fermi-liquid scaling exponent of the spectral function and the spin-charge separation are introduced. The anomalous Green function with adjustable parameters fits very well to the Fermi edge and to the low-energy part of ARPES along the Γ- M line in the Brillouin zone. In contrast to one-dimensional models with Luttinger-liquid behavior, we find that both the anomalous scaling α and the parameter δ describing the spin-charge separation are momentum dependent. The higher-energy part of the spectra is not accounted for by this simple Luttinger-liquid form of the Green function. In this energy regime, additional scattering processes are plausible to produce the experimentally observed wide incoherent background, which diminishes as the inverse of the energy.