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arXiv:cond-mat/9304007 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Spin-charge separation in two dimensions: A numerical study

Mihir Arjunwadkar, Padmakar V. Panat, D. G. Kanhere

Published Oct 1, 1993• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The question of spin-charge separation in two-dimensional lattices has been addressed by numerical simulations of the motion of one hole in a half-filled band. The calculations have been performed on finite clusters with Hubbard and t-J models. By comparing the time evolution of spin and charge polarization currents in one and two dimensions, evidence in favor of spin-charge separation in two dimensions is presented. In contrast with this, spin-charge separation is absent in a highly doped, metallic, system.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.48.10563

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The question of spin-charge separation in two-dimensional lattices has been addressed by numerical simulations of the motion of one hole in a half-filled band. The calculations have been performed on finite clusters with Hubbard and t-J models. By comparing the time evolution of spin and charge polarization currents in one and two dimensions, evidence in favor of spin-charge separation in two dimensions is presented. In contrast with this, spin-charge separation is absent in a highly doped, metallic, system.
We study numerically the charge and spin separation in low-dimensional systems with local interactions. We consider finite Hubbard systems in one and two dimensions and calculate the ground state. An electron is added to the system in a spatially localized state. The time evolution of this state is obtained and the charge and spin densities are evaluated for different times. In one dimension the charge and spin-wave packets propagate with different velocities. The results are interpreted in terms of the Bethe-ansatz solution. In two dimensions the effect of charge and spin separation is not clearly observed, probably because of the small size of the system.
The problems of charge stripe formation, spin-charge separation, and stability of the antiphase domain wall (ADW) associated with a stripe are addressed using an analytical approach to the t- J(z) model. We show that a metallic stripe together with its ADW is the ground state of the problem in the low doping regime. The stripe is described as a system of spinons and magnetically confined holons strongly coupled to the two dimensional spin environment with holon-spin-polaron elementary excitations filling a one-dimensional band.
A CuO chain with one or two holes doped is studied via the two-band Hubbard model in the large-U limit on a finite cluster. The quasiparticle band is Ek{\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{k}}Ek​\ensuremath{\sim}0.87J cos(2ka) with the bottom at ka=\ensuremath{\pi}/2. The quasiparticles are kinks which have the character of three-spin polarons. The copper spin excitations are incommensurate spin waves. The two doped holes repel each other very slightly, in contrast to the slight attraction in the t-J model. Spin-charge separation also occurs.
Spin-charge separation (SCS) is a striking manifestation of strong correlations in low-dimensional quantum systems, whereby a fermion splits into separate spin and charge excitations that travel at different speeds. Here, we demonstrate that periodic driving enables control over SCS in a Hubbard system near half filling. In one dimension, we predict analytically an exotic regime where charge travels slower than spin and can even become "frozen," in agreement with numerical calculations. In two dimensions, the driving slows both charge and spin and leads to complex interferences between single-particle and pair-hopping processes.
Spin-charge separation is a hallmark of one-dimensional fermionic systems, yet its realization in higher dimensions remains an open question. To address this issue, we investigate a two-leg t-J ladder using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method and its time-dependent extension. By analyzing ground-state correlations and single-particle removal spectra, we systematically examine the effects of plaquette diagonal hopping, spin exchange, and hole doping. Within appropriate parameter regimes, these factors drive the system from the well-known Luther Emery phase, with gapped spin and gapless charge modes, into a Luttinger liquid phase characterized by gapless spin and charge excitations, where signatures of spin-charge separation emerge. In combination with previous studies using exact diagonalization, our results provide evidence that spin-charge separation may persist in wider ladder systems.