Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0612233

Analytic Continuation of Quantum Monte Carlo Data: Optimal Stochastic Regularization Approach

Igor S. Krivenko, Alexey N. Rubtsov

Published Dec 9, 2006• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A new algorithm for analytic continuation of noisy quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) data from the Matsubara domain to real frequencies is proposed. Unlike the widely used maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) procedure, our method is linear with respect to input data and can therefore be applied to off-diagonal components of a thermal Green's function, or to a self-energy function. The latter possibility is used to analyze QMC results for the half-filled single-band Hubbard model on a Bethe lattice at a low temperature. Our method qualitatively resolves peaks near the inner edges of the Hubbard bands in the vicinity of a Mott transition, whereas a MaxEnt procedure does not. An existence of such structures has been clearly established before in a high-precision D-DMRG calculation by Karski et al. We also analyze a stability of the new method subject to changes of adjustable parameters.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0612233

Related papers

Analytic continuation of the self-energy via Machine Learning techniques

Taegeun Song, Roser Valentí, Hunpyo Lee

We develop a novel analytic continuation method for self-energies on the Matsubara domain as computed by quantum Monte Carlo simulations within dynamical mean field theory (QMC+DMFT). Unlike a maximum entropy (maxEn) procedure employed for the last thirty years, our approach is based on a machine learning (ML) technique in combination with the iterative perturbative theory impurity solver of the dynamical mean field theory self-consistent process (IPT+DMFT). The input and output training datasets for ML are simultaneously obtained from IPT+DMFT calculations on Matsubara and real frequency domains, respectively. The QMC+DMFT self-energy on real frequencies is determined from the -- usually noisy -- input QMC+DMFT self-energy on the Matsubara domain and the trained ML kernel. Our approach is free from both, bias of ML training datasets and from fitting parameters present in the maxEn method. We demonstrate the efficiency of the method on the testbed frustrated Hubbard model on the square lattice.

arXiv:2007.13610•Jul 27, 2020•3 citations

Progress on stochastic analytic continuation of quantum Monte Carlo data

Hui Shao, Anders W. Sandvik

We report multipronged progress on the stochastic averaging approach to numerical analytic continuation of imaginary-time correlation functions computed by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. After reviewing the conventional maximum-entropy approach and established stochastic analytic continuation methods, we present several new developments in which the configurational entropy of the sampled spectrum plays a key role. Parametrizing the spectrum as a large number of δ-functions in continuous frequency space, an exact calculation of the entropy lends support to a simple goodness-of-fit criterion for the optimal sampling temperature. We also compare spectra sampled in continuous frequency with those from amplitudes sampled on a fixed frequency grid. Insights into the functional form of the entropy in different cases allow us to demonstrate equivalence in a generalized thermodynamic limit (large number of degrees of freedom) of the average spectrum and the maximum-entropy solution, with different parametrizations corresponding to different forms of the entropy in the prior probability. These results revise prevailing notions of the maximum-entropy method and its relationship to stochastic analytic continuation. In further developments of the sampling approach, we explore various adjustable (optimized) constraints that allow sharp low-temperature spectral features to be resolved, in particular at the lower frequency edge. The constraints, e.g., the location of the edge or the spectral weight of a quasi-particle peak, are optimized using a statistical criterion based on entropy minimization under the condition of optimal fit. We show with several examples that this method can correctly reproduce both narrow and broad quasi-particle peaks. We next introduce a parametrization for more intricate spectral functions with sharp edges, e.g., power-law singularities. We present tests with synthetic data as well as with real simulation data for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain, where a divergent edge of the dynamic structure factor is due to deconfined spinon excitations. Our results demonstrate that distortions of sharp edges or quasi-particle peaks, which arise with other analytic continuation methods, propagate and cause artificial spectral features also at higher energies. The constrained sampling methods overcome this problem and allow analytic continuation of spectra with sharp edge features at unprecedented fidelity. We present results for S=1/2 Heisenberg 2-leg and 3-leg ladders to illustrate the ability of the methods to resolve spectral features arising from both elementary and composite excitations. Finally, we also propose how the methods developed here could be used as “pre processors” for analytic continuation by machine learning. Edge singularities and narrow quasi-particle peaks being ubiquitous in quantum many-body systems, we expect the new methods to be broadly useful and take numerical analytic continuation to a new quantitative level in many applications.

arXiv:2202.09870•Physics Reports•Dec 21, 2022•90 citations

Analytic continuation by averaging Padé approximants

Johan Schött, Inka L. M. Locht, Elin Lundin +3 more

The ill-posed analytic continuation problem for Green's functions and self-energies is investigated by revisiting the Pad\'e approximants technique. We propose to remedy the well-known problems of the Pad\'e approximants by performing an average of several continuations, obtained by varying the number of fitted input points and Pad\'e coefficients independently. The suggested approach is then applied to several test cases, including Sm and Pr atomic self-energies, the Green's functions of the Hubbard model for a Bethe lattice and of the Haldane model for a nanoribbon, as well as two special test functions. The sensitivity to numerical noise and the dependence on the precision of the numerical libraries are analyzed in detail. The present approach is compared to a number of other techniques, i.e., the nonnegative least-squares method, the nonnegative Tikhonov method, and the maximum entropy method, and is shown to perform well for the chosen test cases. This conclusion holds even when the noise on the input data is increased to reach values typical for quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The ability of the algorithm to resolve fine structures is finally illustrated for two relevant test functions.

arXiv:1511.03496•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Feb 2, 2016•68 citations

Stochastic pole expansion method for analytic continuation of the Green's function

Li Huang, Shuang Liang

In this paper, we propose an analytic continuation method to extract real-frequency spectral functions from imaginary-frequency Green's functions of quantum many-body systems. This method is based on the pole representation of Matsubara Green's function and a stochastic sampling procedure is utilized to optimize the amplitudes and locations of poles. In order to capture narrow peaks and sharp band edges in the spectral functions, a constrained sampling algorithm and a self-adaptive sampling algorithm are developed. To demonstrate the usefulness and performance of this method, we at first apply it to study the spectral functions of representative fermionic and bosonic correlators. Then we employ this method to tackle the analytic continuation problems of matrix-valued Green's functions. The synthetic Green's functions, as well as realistic correlation functions from finite-temperature quantum many-body calculations, are used as input. The benchmark results demonstrate that this method is capable of reproducing most of the key characteristics in the spectral functions. The sharp, smooth, and multipeak features in both low- and high-frequency regions of spectral functions could be accurately resolved, which overcomes one of the main limitations of the traditional maximum entropy method. More importantly, it exhibits excellent robustness with respect to noisy and incomplete input data. The causality of spectral function is always satisfied even in the presence of sizable noises. As a by-product, this method could derive a fitting formula for the Matsubara data, which provides a compact approximation to the many-body Green's functions. Hence, we expect that this method could become a pivotal workhorse for numerically analytic continuation and be broadly useful in many applications.

arXiv:2307.11324•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Dec 13, 2023•11 citations

Analytic continuation of quantum Monte Carlo data by stochastic analytical inference

Sebastian Fuchs, Thomas Pruschke, Mark Jarrell

We present an algorithm for the analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data which is strictly based on principles of Bayesian statistical inference. Within this framework we are able to obtain an explicit expression for the calculation of a weighted average over possible energy spectra, which can be evaluated by standard Monte Carlo simulations, yielding as by-product also the distribution function as function of the regularization parameter. Our algorithm thus avoids the usual ad hoc assumptions introduced in similar algorithms to fix the regularization parameter. We apply the algorithm to imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data and compare the resulting energy spectra with those from a standard maximum-entropy calculation.

arXiv:0912.5204•Physical Review E•May 4, 2010•87 citations

Analytic Continuation of Electronic Green’s Functions from Imaginary to Real Time using Maximum Entropy

Johan Schött

This thesis is mainly a computational work studying the analytical continuation of Green’s functions using the Maximum Entropy method. A strongly correlated electron system is described with the single-band Hubbard model and paramagnetic solutions are studied using Dynamic Mean Field Theory on a Bethe lattice. Continuous Time Quantum Monte Carlo is used as Impurity solver, for the infinite Anderson model at a finite temperature, to obtain the Matsubara single-particle Green’s function propagator. Both metallic and insulating spectral functions are obtained using the Maximum Entropy Method. General properties of the Maximum Entropy Method as an analytic continuation method from imaginary to real time are also discussed.

•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations
A new algorithm for analytic continuation of noisy quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) data from the Matsubara domain to real frequencies is proposed. Unlike the widely used maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) procedure, our method is linear with respect to input data and can therefore be applied to off-diagonal components of a thermal Green's function, or to a self-energy function. The latter possibility is used to analyze QMC results for the half-filled single-band Hubbard model on a Bethe lattice at a low temperature. Our method qualitatively resolves peaks near the inner edges of the Hubbard bands in the vicinity of a Mott transition, whereas a MaxEnt procedure does not. An existence of such structures has been clearly established before in a high-precision D-DMRG calculation by Karski et al. We also analyze a stability of the new method subject to changes of adjustable parameters.
We develop a novel analytic continuation method for self-energies on the Matsubara domain as computed by quantum Monte Carlo simulations within dynamical mean field theory (QMC+DMFT). Unlike a maximum entropy (maxEn) procedure employed for the last thirty years, our approach is based on a machine learning (ML) technique in combination with the iterative perturbative theory impurity solver of the dynamical mean field theory self-consistent process (IPT+DMFT). The input and output training datasets for ML are simultaneously obtained from IPT+DMFT calculations on Matsubara and real frequency domains, respectively. The QMC+DMFT self-energy on real frequencies is determined from the -- usually noisy -- input QMC+DMFT self-energy on the Matsubara domain and the trained ML kernel. Our approach is free from both, bias of ML training datasets and from fitting parameters present in the maxEn method. We demonstrate the efficiency of the method on the testbed frustrated Hubbard model on the square lattice.
We report multipronged progress on the stochastic averaging approach to numerical analytic continuation of imaginary-time correlation functions computed by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. After reviewing the conventional maximum-entropy approach and established stochastic analytic continuation methods, we present several new developments in which the configurational entropy of the sampled spectrum plays a key role. Parametrizing the spectrum as a large number of δ-functions in continuous frequency space, an exact calculation of the entropy lends support to a simple goodness-of-fit criterion for the optimal sampling temperature. We also compare spectra sampled in continuous frequency with those from amplitudes sampled on a fixed frequency grid. Insights into the functional form of the entropy in different cases allow us to demonstrate equivalence in a generalized thermodynamic limit (large number of degrees of freedom) of the average spectrum and the maximum-entropy solution, with different parametrizations corresponding to different forms of the entropy in the prior probability. These results revise prevailing notions of the maximum-entropy method and its relationship to stochastic analytic continuation. In further developments of the sampling approach, we explore various adjustable (optimized) constraints that allow sharp low-temperature spectral features to be resolved, in particular at the lower frequency edge. The constraints, e.g., the location of the edge or the spectral weight of a quasi-particle peak, are optimized using a statistical criterion based on entropy minimization under the condition of optimal fit. We show with several examples that this method can correctly reproduce both narrow and broad quasi-particle peaks. We next introduce a parametrization for more intricate spectral functions with sharp edges, e.g., power-law singularities. We present tests with synthetic data as well as with real simulation data for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain, where a divergent edge of the dynamic structure factor is due to deconfined spinon excitations. Our results demonstrate that distortions of sharp edges or quasi-particle peaks, which arise with other analytic continuation methods, propagate and cause artificial spectral features also at higher energies. The constrained sampling methods overcome this problem and allow analytic continuation of spectra with sharp edge features at unprecedented fidelity. We present results for S=1/2 Heisenberg 2-leg and 3-leg ladders to illustrate the ability of the methods to resolve spectral features arising from both elementary and composite excitations. Finally, we also propose how the methods developed here could be used as “pre processors” for analytic continuation by machine learning. Edge singularities and narrow quasi-particle peaks being ubiquitous in quantum many-body systems, we expect the new methods to be broadly useful and take numerical analytic continuation to a new quantitative level in many applications.
The ill-posed analytic continuation problem for Green's functions and self-energies is investigated by revisiting the Pad\'e approximants technique. We propose to remedy the well-known problems of the Pad\'e approximants by performing an average of several continuations, obtained by varying the number of fitted input points and Pad\'e coefficients independently. The suggested approach is then applied to several test cases, including Sm and Pr atomic self-energies, the Green's functions of the Hubbard model for a Bethe lattice and of the Haldane model for a nanoribbon, as well as two special test functions. The sensitivity to numerical noise and the dependence on the precision of the numerical libraries are analyzed in detail. The present approach is compared to a number of other techniques, i.e., the nonnegative least-squares method, the nonnegative Tikhonov method, and the maximum entropy method, and is shown to perform well for the chosen test cases. This conclusion holds even when the noise on the input data is increased to reach values typical for quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The ability of the algorithm to resolve fine structures is finally illustrated for two relevant test functions.
In this paper, we propose an analytic continuation method to extract real-frequency spectral functions from imaginary-frequency Green's functions of quantum many-body systems. This method is based on the pole representation of Matsubara Green's function and a stochastic sampling procedure is utilized to optimize the amplitudes and locations of poles. In order to capture narrow peaks and sharp band edges in the spectral functions, a constrained sampling algorithm and a self-adaptive sampling algorithm are developed. To demonstrate the usefulness and performance of this method, we at first apply it to study the spectral functions of representative fermionic and bosonic correlators. Then we employ this method to tackle the analytic continuation problems of matrix-valued Green's functions. The synthetic Green's functions, as well as realistic correlation functions from finite-temperature quantum many-body calculations, are used as input. The benchmark results demonstrate that this method is capable of reproducing most of the key characteristics in the spectral functions. The sharp, smooth, and multipeak features in both low- and high-frequency regions of spectral functions could be accurately resolved, which overcomes one of the main limitations of the traditional maximum entropy method. More importantly, it exhibits excellent robustness with respect to noisy and incomplete input data. The causality of spectral function is always satisfied even in the presence of sizable noises. As a by-product, this method could derive a fitting formula for the Matsubara data, which provides a compact approximation to the many-body Green's functions. Hence, we expect that this method could become a pivotal workhorse for numerically analytic continuation and be broadly useful in many applications.
We present an algorithm for the analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data which is strictly based on principles of Bayesian statistical inference. Within this framework we are able to obtain an explicit expression for the calculation of a weighted average over possible energy spectra, which can be evaluated by standard Monte Carlo simulations, yielding as by-product also the distribution function as function of the regularization parameter. Our algorithm thus avoids the usual ad hoc assumptions introduced in similar algorithms to fix the regularization parameter. We apply the algorithm to imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data and compare the resulting energy spectra with those from a standard maximum-entropy calculation.
This thesis is mainly a computational work studying the analytical continuation of Green’s functions using the Maximum Entropy method. A strongly correlated electron system is described with the single-band Hubbard model and paramagnetic solutions are studied using Dynamic Mean Field Theory on a Bethe lattice. Continuous Time Quantum Monte Carlo is used as Impurity solver, for the infinite Anderson model at a finite temperature, to obtain the Matsubara single-particle Green’s function propagator. Both metallic and insulating spectral functions are obtained using the Maximum Entropy Method. General properties of the Maximum Entropy Method as an analytic continuation method from imaginary to real time are also discussed.