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arXiv:cond-mat/0611707 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

The universality class of 3D site-diluted and bond-diluted Ising systems

Martin Hasenbusch B, Francesco Parisen Toldin, Andrea Pelissetto C, Ettore Vicari

Published Feb 21, 2007• 68 citations
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Abstract

We present a finite-size scaling analysis of high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional randomly site-diluted and bond-diluted Ising model. The critical behaviour of these systems is affected by slowly decaying scaling corrections which make the accurate determination of their universal asymptotic behaviour quite hard, requiring an effective control of the scaling corrections. For this purpose we exploit improved Hamiltonians, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed for any thermodynamic quantity, and improved observables, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed for any model belonging to the same universality class. The results of the finite-size scaling analysis provide strong numerical evidence that phase transitions in three-dimensional randomly site-diluted and bond-diluted Ising models belong to the same randomly dilute Ising universality class. We obtain accurate estimates of the critical exponents, ν = 0.683(2), η = 0.036(1), α = −0.049(6), γ = 1.341(4), β = 0.354(1), δ = 4.792(6), and of the leading and next-to-leading correction-to-scaling exponents, ω = 0.33(3) and ω 2 = 0.82(8).

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2007/02/p02016

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We present a finite-size scaling analysis of high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional randomly site-diluted and bond-diluted Ising model. The critical behaviour of these systems is affected by slowly decaying scaling corrections which make the accurate determination of their universal asymptotic behaviour quite hard, requiring an effective control of the scaling corrections. For this purpose we exploit improved Hamiltonians, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed for any thermodynamic quantity, and improved observables, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed for any model belonging to the same universality class. The results of the finite-size scaling analysis provide strong numerical evidence that phase transitions in three-dimensional randomly site-diluted and bond-diluted Ising models belong to the same randomly dilute Ising universality class. We obtain accurate estimates of the critical exponents, ν = 0.683(2), η = 0.036(1), α = −0.049(6), γ = 1.341(4), β = 0.354(1), δ = 4.792(6), and of the leading and next-to-leading correction-to-scaling exponents, ω = 0.33(3) and ω 2 = 0.82(8).
We study the three-dimensional (3D) bond-diluted Edwards-Anderson (EA) model with binary interactions at a bond occupation of 45% by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Using an efficient cluster MC algorithm we are able to determine the universal finite-size scaling (FSS) functions and the critical exponents with high statistical accuracy. We observe small corrections to scaling for the measured observables. The critical quantities and the FSS functions indicate clearly that the bond-diluted model for dilutions above the critical dilution p∗{p}^{*}p∗, at which a spin glass (SG) phase appears, lies in the same universality class as the 3D undiluted EA model with binary interactions. A comparison with the FSS functions of the 3D site-diluted EA model with Gaussian interactions at a site occupation of 62.5% gives very strong evidence for the universality of the SG transition in the 3D EA model.
We study the purely relaxational dynamics (model A) at criticality in three-dimensional disordered Ising systems whose static critical behaviour belongs to the randomly diluted Ising universality class. We consider the site-diluted and bond-diluted Ising models, and the ± J Ising model along the paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transition line. We perform Monte Carlo simulations at the critical point using the Metropolis algorithm and study the dynamic behaviour in equilibrium at various values of the disorder parameter. The results provide a robust evidence of the existence of a unique model-A dynamic universality class which describes the relaxational critical dynamics in all considered models. In particular, the analysis of the size dependence of suitably defined autocorrelation times at the critical point provides the estimate z = 2.35(2) for the universal dynamic critical exponent. We also study the off-equilibrium relaxational dynamics following a quench from to T c . In agreement with the field-theory scenario, the analysis of the off-equilibrium dynamic critical behaviour gives an estimate of z that is perfectly consistent with the equilibrium estimate z = 2.35(2).
We perform high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations of three three-dimensional Ising spin glass models: the ± J Ising model for two values of the disorder parameter p , p = 1/2 and 0.7, and the bond-diluted ± J model for bond-occupation probability p b = 0.45. A finite-size scaling analysis of the quartic cumulants at the critical point shows conclusively that these models belong to the same universality class and allows us to estimate the scaling-correction exponent ω related to the leading irrelevant operator, ω = 1.0(1). We also determine the critical exponents ν and η. Taking into account the scaling corrections, we obtain ν = 2.53(8) and η = −0.384(9).
We perform a high-statistics simulation of the three-dimensional randomly dilute Ising model on cubic lattices L3 with L< or =256. We choose a particular value of the density, x=0.8, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed. We determine the critical exponents, obtaining nu=0.683(3), eta=0.035(2), beta=0.3535(17), and alpha=-0.049(9), in agreement with previous numerical simulations. We also estimate numerically the fixed-point values of the four-point zero-momentum couplings that are used in field-theoretical fixed-dimension studies. Although these results somewhat differ from those obtained using perturbative field theory, the field-theoretical estimates of the critical exponents do not change significantly if the Monte Carlo result for the fixed point is used. Finally, we determine the six-point zero-momentum couplings, relevant for the small-magnetization expansion of the equation of state, and the invariant amplitude ratio R(+)(xi) that expresses the universality of the free-energy density per correlation volume. We find R(+)(xi)=0.2885(15).
We study by Monte Carlo simulations the influence of bond dilution on the three-dimensional Ising model. This paradigmatic model in its pure version displays a second-order phase transition with a positive specific heat critical exponent α\alphaα . According to the Harris criterion disorder should hence lead to a new fixed point characterized by new critical exponents. We have determined the phase diagram of the diluted model, starting from the pure model limit down to the neighbourhood of the percolation threshold. For the estimation of critical exponents, we have first performed a finite-size scaling study, where we concentrated on three different dilutions to check the stability of the disorder fixed point. We emphasize in this work the great influence of the cross-over phenomena between the pure, disorder and percolation fixed points which lead to effective critical exponents dependent on the concentration. In a second set of simulations, the temperature behaviour of physical quantities has been studied in order to characterize the disorder fixed point more accurately. In particular this allowed us to estimate ratios of some critical amplitudes. In accord with previous observations for other models this provides stronger evidence for the existence of the disorder fixed point since the amplitude ratios are more sensitive to the universality class than the critical exponents. Moreover, the question of non-self-averaging at the disorder fixed point is investigated and compared with recent results for the bond-diluted q = 4 Potts model. Overall our numerical results provide evidence that, as expected on theoretical grounds, the critical behaviour of the bond-diluted model is indeed governed by the same universality class as the site-diluted model.