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arXiv:cond-mat/0610795 · Physical Review Letters

Photon Emission as a Source of Coherent Behavior of Polaritons

Herbert Vinck-Posada, Boris A. Rodríguez, P. S. S. Guimãraes, Alejandro Cabo Montes de, Augusto González

Published Apr 19, 2007• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We show that the combined effect of photon emission and Coulomb interactions may drive an exciton-polariton system towards a dynamical coherent state, even without phonon thermalization or any other relaxation mechanism. Exact diagonalization results for a finite system (a multilevel quantum dot interacting with the lowest-energy photon mode of a microcavity) are presented in support of this statement.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.98.167405

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We show that the combined effect of photon emission and Coulomb interactions may drive an exciton-polariton system towards a dynamical coherent state, even without phonon thermalization or any other relaxation mechanism. Exact diagonalization results for a finite system (a multilevel quantum dot interacting with the lowest-energy photon mode of a microcavity) are presented in support of this statement.
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In this work, we study the exciton-polariton condensate phase transition in a microcavity matter-light system in which electron-hole Coulomb interaction and matter-light coupling effects are treated on an equal footing. In the framework of the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation applying the two-dimensional exciton-polariton model, we derive the self-consistent equations determining simultaneously the excitonic and the photonic condenstate order parameters. In the thermal-equilibrium limit, we find a condensed state of the exciton-polariton systems and phase diagrams are then constructed. At a given low temperature, the condensate by its nature shows a crossover from an excitonic to a polaritonic and finally photonic condensed state as the excitation density increases at large detuning. Without the detuning, the excitonic condensed state disappears whereas the polaritonic or photonic phases dominate. The crossover is also found by lowering the Coulomb interaction at a finite matter-light coupling. Lowering the Coulomb interaction or increasing the temperature, the excitonic Mott transition occurs, at which the exciton-polariton condensates dissociate to free electron-hole/photon. Depending on temperature and excitation density, the phase transition of the exciton-polariton condensates is also addressed in signatures of photoluminescence mapping to the photonic momentum distribution.
We investigate the quantum nonlinear dynamics of a resonantly excited photonic quantum dot embedding a quantum well in the strong exciton-photon coupling regime. Within a master equation approach, we study the polariton blockade effect due to polariton-polariton interactions as a function of the photonic dot geometry, spectral linewidths and energy detuning between quantum well exciton and confined photon mode. The second order coherence function ${g}^{(2)}(t,{t}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ and the photon antibunching are calculated for both continuous wave and pulsed excitations.
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