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arXiv:cond-mat/0609632 · Physical Review A

Feshbach resonance and growth of a Bose-Einstein condensate

C. Yüce, Abidin Kılıç

Published Sep 14, 2006• 24 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Gross-Pitaevskii gain equation is used to model atom laser and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) fed by the surrounding thermal cloud. It is shown that the number of atoms continuously injected into BEC from the reservoir can be controlled by applying the external magnetic field via Feshbach resonance.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.033609

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Bose-Einstein condensation has been achieved in a magnetically trapped sample of 85Rb atoms. Stable condensates of up to 104 atoms have been created by using a magnetic-field-induced Feshbach resonance to reverse the sign of the zero-field scattering length. These condensates provide unique opportunities for the study of BEC physics. The variation of the scattering length near the resonance has been used to magnetically tune the condensate self-interaction energy over a very wide range. This range extended from very strong repulsive self-interactions to large attractive ones. The effect of moving the condensate through the Feshbach resonance has been studied and compared with theory. Long-lived metastable condensates with attractive interactions have been produced near the zero of the Feshbach resonance. The transition from repulsive to attractive interactions can lead to a “collapse” of the condensate in which the cloud shrinks below our resolution limit, loses a significant number of atoms due to inelastic losses, and emits a burst of high-energy atoms.
Abstract The (gaseous) BECs are introduced: clouds of 106−8 alkali metal atoms, usually 87Rb or 23Na, below ~1 μK. The laser cooling and magnetic trapping are described including the evaporation step needed to reach the conditions for condensation. The magnetooptical and Ioffe–Pritchard traps are described. Imaging methods, both destructive and non-destructive are described. Evidence of condensation is presented; and of interference between separated clouds, thus confirming the coherence of the condensates. The measurement of the condensate fraction is recounted. The Gross–Pitaevskii analysis of condensate properties is given in an appendix. How Bragg spectroscopy is used to obtain the dispersion relation for excitations is detailed. Finally the BEC/BCS crossover is introduced and the role therein of Feshbach resonances.