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arXiv:cond-mat/0607706 · Physical Review A

Transistorlike behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a triple-well potential

James Stickney, Dana Z. Anderson, Alex A. Zozulya

Published Jan 8, 2007• 101 citations
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Abstract

In the last several years considerable efforts have been devoted to developing Bose-Einstein-condensate-based devices for applications such as fundamental research, precision measurements, and integrated atom optics. Such devices, capable of complex functionality, can be designed from simpler building blocks as is done in microelectronics. One of the most important components of microelectronics is a transistor. We demonstrate that a Bose-Einstein condensate in a three-well potential structure where the tunneling of atoms between two wells is controlled by the population in the third shows behavior similar to that of an electronic field-effect transistor. Namely, it exhibits switching and both absolute and differential gain. The role of quantum fluctuations is analyzed, and estimates of the switching time and parameters for the potential are presented.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.013608

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arXiv:1710.05831•Communications Physics•Dec 3, 2018•41 citations
In the last several years considerable efforts have been devoted to developing Bose-Einstein-condensate-based devices for applications such as fundamental research, precision measurements, and integrated atom optics. Such devices, capable of complex functionality, can be designed from simpler building blocks as is done in microelectronics. One of the most important components of microelectronics is a transistor. We demonstrate that a Bose-Einstein condensate in a three-well potential structure where the tunneling of atoms between two wells is controlled by the population in the third shows behavior similar to that of an electronic field-effect transistor. Namely, it exhibits switching and both absolute and differential gain. The role of quantum fluctuations is analyzed, and estimates of the switching time and parameters for the potential are presented.
Abstract : Theoretical work established a quantum framework in which to address atom analogs of electronic devices and circuits. Initial focus was on isolated elements, particularly atom diodes and atom transistors. Two theoretical approaches addressed different device strategies, one based on double and triple potential wells, the other based on periodic structures that are analogous to semiconductor materials. The first approach is suited to implementations using ultracold atom chip technology, whereas the second is amenable to optical lattice experiments. Both approaches established the presence of atom flux gain in a simple transistor configuration. Further theoretical work developed an open quantum systems approach to simple yet complete circuits. This work provides the analytical tools for treating more complex atomtronic circuits. Corresponding experimental work focused on building an atom chip based Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) system for carrying out atom transistor experiments. Chip development demonstrated technology for fabricating structures having nanowires suspended across a substrate groove to avoid the deleterious impact of Van der Waals forces. This work established the foundation of atomtronics and the possibility of experimentally demonstrating such circuits in the near future.
Abstract Controlling the tunneling of atoms of one species using a different atom species is a fundamental step in the development of a new class of atom quantum devices, where detection, motion control, and other functions over the atoms, can be achieved by exploiting the interaction between two different atomic species. Here, we theoretically study coherent oscillations of a non-self-interacting Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) species in a triple-well potential controlled by a self-interacting species self-trapped in the central well of the potential. In this system, a blockade, due to the interspecies interaction, prevents atoms of the non-self-interacting species from populating the central well. Thus, for an initial population imbalance between the left- and right-hand wells of the non-self-interacting species, coherent BEC oscillations are induced between these two wells, resembling those of Rabi-like BEC oscillations in a double-well potential. The oscillation period is found to scale linearly with the number of self-trapped atoms as well as with the interspecies interaction strength. This behavior is corroborated by the quantum many-particle and the mean-field models of the system. We show that BEC oscillations can be described by using an effective bosonic Josephson junction with a tunneling amplitude that depends on the number of the self-trapped atoms in the central well. We also consider the effect of the self-trapped atom losses on the coherent oscillations. We show, by using quantum trajectories, that this type of losses leads to a dynamical change in the oscillation period of the non-self-interacting species, which in turn allows the number of self-trapped atoms lost from the system to be estimated.
We investigate the energy structures and the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in a triple-well potential coupled a high finesse optical cavity within a mean field approach. Due to the intrinsic atom-cavity field nonlinearity, several interesting phenomena arise which are the focuses of this work. For the energy structure, the bistability appears in the energy levels due to this atoms-cavity field nonlinearity, and the same phenomena can be found in the intra-cavity photons number. With an increase of the pump-cavity detunings, the higher and lower energy levels show a loop structure due to this cavity-mediated effects. In the dynamical process, an extensive numerical simulation of localization of the BECs for atoms initially trapped in one-, two-, and three-wells are performed for the symmetric and asymmetric cases in detail. It is shown that the the transition from oscillation to the localization can be modified by the cavity-mediated potential, which will enlarge the regions of oscillation. With the increasing of the atomic interaction, the oscillation is blocked and the localization emerges. The condensates atoms can be trapped either in one-, two-, or in three wells eventually where they are initially uploaded for certain parameters. In particular, we find that the transition from the oscillation to the localization is accompanied with some irregular regime where tunneling dynamics is dominated by chaos for this cavity-mediated system.
Over the last several years considerable efforts have been made to develop Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) based devices for a number of applications including fundamental research, precision measurements, and navgation systems. These devices, capable of complex functionality, can be built from simpler components which is currently done in both optics and microelectronics. These components include cold atom equivalents of beamsplitters, mirrors, waveguides, diodes, and transistors. The operation of the individual components must be fully understood before they can be assembled into a more complex device. The primary goal of this dissertation is to present a theoretical analysis of these components. It begins with a theoretical analysis of several different types of cold-atom beamsplitters in the context of BEC interferometry. Next, the dynamics of an interferometer that uses optical pulses to control the dynamics of the BEC will be presented. Finally, a proposal for a BEC based component that has behavior that is similar to an electronic transistor is introduced.
Abstract The precise control of quantum systems will play a major role in the realization of atomtronic devices. As in the case of electronic systems, a desirable property is the ability to implement switching. Here we show how to implement switching in a model of dipolar bosons confined to three coupled wells. The model describes interactions between bosons, tunneling of bosons between adjacent wells, and the effect of an external field. We conduct a study of the quantum dynamics of the system to probe the conditions under which switching behavior can occur. The analysis considers both integrable and non-integrable regimes within the model. Through variation of the external field, we demonstrate how the system can be controlled between various “switched-on” and “switched-off” configurations.