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arXiv:cond-mat/0512503 · Physical Review A

Rotating Bose-Einstein condensates confined in an anharmonic potential

S. Bargi, G. M. Kavoulakis, S. M. Reimann

Published Mar 16, 2006• 26 citations
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Abstract

We consider bosonic atoms that rotate in an anharmonic trapping potential. Using numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, we get evidence for various phases of the gas for different values of the coupling between the atoms and of the rotational frequency of the trap. These include vortex excitation of single and multiple quantization, the phase of center-of-mass excitation, and the unstable phase.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.033613

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We consider bosonic atoms that rotate in an anharmonic trapping potential. Using numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian, we get evidence for various phases of the gas for different values of the coupling between the atoms and of the rotational frequency of the trap. These include vortex excitation of single and multiple quantization, the phase of center-of-mass excitation, and the unstable phase.
We investigate the rotational properties of a zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensed gas, which is confined in a hard-wall potential. For weak interactions the gas carries its angular momentum via vortices of multiple quantization. As the coupling increases and for sufficiently slow rotational frequencies of the trap, the multiply-quantized vortex states become unstable against a mixed state. For stronger couplings, as the angular frequency of the trap increases, there is a transition from a vortex lattice, to a vortex lattice with a hole at the trap center, and finally to a giant vortex. For weak effective attractive interactions we still have vortices of multiple quantization. These states become unstable towards states which break the axial symmetry of the problem and resemble center-of-mass excitation, as the coupling becomes more negative. Finally, for even more attractive forces, the system becomes unstable against collapse.
We investigate the rotational properties of quantum droplets, which form in a mixture of two Bose-Einstein condensates, in the presence of an anharmonic trapping potential. We identify various phases as the atom number and the angular momentum or angular velocity of the trap vary. These phases include center-of-mass–like excitation (without or with vortices), vortices of single and multiple quantization, etc. Finally, we compare our results with those of the single-component problem. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We examine an effectively repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms that rotates in a quadratic-plus-quartic trapping potential. We investigate the phase diagram of the system as a function of the angular frequency of rotation and of the coupling constant, demonstrating that there are phase transitions between multiply and singly quantized vortex states. We also show that states of different circulation can be metastable and, as a result, the gas can exhibit hysteresis as the angular frequency of rotation of the trap is varied. The simplicity of the picture that emerges for small coupling strengths suggests that this system may be attractive for studies of phase transitions.
We consider a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate that rotates in either a harmonic, or a weakly anharmonic trapping potential. Performing numerical calculations, we investigate the behavior of the gas in these two cases as the angular momentum, or equivalently as the rotational frequency of the trap increases. While in the case of a purely harmonic potential the gas makes a transition from the mean-field regime to the correlated Laughlin regime, in the case of anharmonic confinement the mean-field approximation remains always valid. We compare our derived results in these two cases, using both the mean-field approximation, as well as the diagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian considering a small atom number.