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arXiv:cond-mat/0504015 · Physical Review Letters

Decoherence-Driven Quantum Transport

Sang Wook Kim, Mahn‐Soo Choi

Published Nov 23, 2005• 22 citations
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Abstract

We propose a new mechanism to generate a dc current of particles at zero bias based on a noble interplay between coherence and decoherence. We show that a dc current arises if the transport process in one direction is maintained coherent while the process in the opposite direction is incoherent. We provide possible implementations of the idea using an atomic Michelson interferometer and a ring interferometer.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.95.226802

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We propose a new mechanism to generate a dc current of particles at zero bias based on a noble interplay between coherence and decoherence. We show that a dc current arises if the transport process in one direction is maintained coherent while the process in the opposite direction is incoherent. We provide possible implementations of the idea using an atomic Michelson interferometer and a ring interferometer.
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Coherence in electronic interferometers is typically believed to be restored fully in the limit of small voltages, frequencies and temperatures. However, it is crucial to check this essentially perturbative argument by nonperturbative methods. Here, we use the numerical renormalization group to study ac transport and decoherence in an experimentally realizable model interferometer, a parallel double quantum dot coupled to a phonon mode. The model allows to clearly distinguish renormalization effects from decoherence. We discuss finite frequency transport and confirm the restoration of coherence in the dc limit.
Cold atoms in optical lattices have emerged as an ideal system to investigate the ratchet effect, as demonstrated by several recent experiments. In this work we analyze theoretically two aspects of ac-driven transport in cold-atom ratchets. We first address the issue of whether, and to what extent, an ac-driven ratchet for cold atoms can operate as a motor. We thus study theoretically a dissipative motor for cold atoms, as obtained by adding a load to a 1D nonadiabatically driven rocking ratchet. We demonstrate that a current can be generated also in the presence of a load, e.g., the ratchet device can operate as a motor. Correspondingly, we determine the stall force for the motor, which characterizes the range of loads over which the device can operate as a motor, and the differential mobility, which characterizes the response to a change in the magnitude of the load. Second, we compare our results for the transport in an ac-driven ratchet device with the transport in a dc-driven system. We observe a peculiar phenomenon: the double-harmonic ac force stabilizes the dynamics, allowing the generation of uniform directed motion over a range of momentum much larger than what is possible with a dc bias. We explain such a stabilization of the dynamics by observing that a nonadiabatic ac drive broadens the effective cooling momentum range and forces the atom trajectories to cover such a region. Thus the system can dissipate energy and maintain a steady-state energy balance. Our results show that in the case of a finite-range velocity-dependent friction, a ratchet device may offer the possibility of controlling the particle motion over a broader range of momentum with respect to a purely biased system, although this is at the cost of a reduced coherency.