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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Suppression of Quantum Decoherence in an Aharonov–Bohm Ring

Hisashi Aikawa, Kensuke Kobayashi, Shingo Katsumoto, Y. Iye

Published Jan 3, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum coherence is one of the most important topics in fundamental physics. In mesoscopic systems, decoherence has often been studied using Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometers, and in such a coherent transport, it is well known that probes of a sample play an essential role and transport property has been successfully described by the Landauer-Buttiker (LB) formalism. Here we present evidence that the quantum coherence itself is also affected by the probe configuration.

DOI
10.1143/jpsjs.72sa.5

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Quantum coherence is one of the most important topics in fundamental physics. In mesoscopic systems, decoherence has often been studied using Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometers, and in such a coherent transport, it is well known that probes of a sample play an essential role and transport property has been successfully described by the Landauer-Buttiker (LB) formalism. Here we present evidence that the quantum coherence itself is also affected by the probe configuration.
We have measured transport through mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) rings with two different four-terminal configurations. While the amplitude and the phase of the AB oscillations are well explained within the framework of the Landaur-Büttiker formalism, it is found that the probe configuration strongly affects the coherence time of the electrons, i.e., the decoherence is much reduced in the configuration of so-called nonlocal resistance. This result should provide an important clue in clarifying the mechanism of quantum decoherence in solids.
We investigate the dependence of decoherence on the mode number M in a multiple-mode Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer. The design of the AB interferometer allows us to precisely determine M by the additivity rule of ballistic conductors; meanwhile, the decoherence rate is simultaneously deduced by the variance of the AB oscillation amplitude. The AB amplitude decreases and fluctuates with depopulating M. Moreover, the normalized amplitude exhibits a maximum at a specific M (∼9). Data analysis reveals that the charge-fluctuation-induced dephasing, which depends on the geometry and the charge relaxation resistance of the system, could play an essential role in the decoherence process. Our results suggest that the phase coherence, in principle, can be optimized using a deliberated design and pave one of the ways toward the engineering of quantum coherence.
Coherence in electronic interferometers is typically believed to be restored fully in the limit of small voltages, frequencies and temperatures. However, it is crucial to check this essentially perturbative argument by nonperturbative methods. Here, we use the numerical renormalization group to study ac transport and decoherence in an experimentally realizable model interferometer, a parallel double quantum dot coupled to a phonon mode. The model allows to clearly distinguish renormalization effects from decoherence. We discuss finite frequency transport and confirm the restoration of coherence in the dc limit.
We investigate the dephasing rates in quasiballistic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) rings with local- and nonlocal-probe configurations by tuning the transmission through one arm of the ring. The dephasing rates are independent of the probe configuration while the transmissions through the ring paths are equal. In contrast, as AB interferometers are tuned to be strongly asymmetric, the dephasing rate of the local configuration becomes larger than that of the nonlocal configuration. We find that our observations can be qualitatively explained by voltage fluctuations from the measurement circuit, as proposed by G. Seelig, S. Pilgram, A. N. Jordan, and M. B\"uttiker [Phys. Rev. B 68, 161310(R) (2003)].
Motivated by a recent experiment by Buks et al. ( Nature 391 (1998) 871) we consider electron transport through an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with a quantum dot in one of its arms. The quantum dot is coupled to a quantum system with a finite number of states acting as a which-path detector. The Aharonov-Bohm interference is calculated using a two-particle scattering approach for the joint transitions in detector and quantum dot. Tracing over the detector yields dephasing and a reduction of the interference amplitude. We show that the interference can be restored by a suitable measurement on the detector and propose a mesoscopic quantum eraser based on this principle.