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arXiv:cond-mat/0501114 · IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Observation of Bifurcations and Hysteresis in Nonlinear NbN Superconducting Microwave Resonators

Baleegh Abdo, Eran Segev, Oleg Shtempluck, Eyal Buks

Published Dec 1, 2006• 18 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, we report some extraordinary nonlinear dynamics measured in the resonance curve of NbN superconducting stripline microwave resonators. Among the nonlinearities observed: abrupt bifurcations in the resonance response at relatively low input powers, asymmetric resonances, multiple jumps within the resonance band, resonance frequency drift, frequency hysteresis, hysteresis loops changing direction and critical coupling phenomenon. Weak links in the NbN grain structure are hypothesized as the source of the nonlinearities

DOI
10.1109/tasc.2006.881823

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In this paper, we report some extraordinary nonlinear dynamics measured in the resonance curve of NbN superconducting stripline microwave resonators. Among the nonlinearities observed: abrupt bifurcations in the resonance response at relatively low input powers, asymmetric resonances, multiple jumps within the resonance band, resonance frequency drift, frequency hysteresis, hysteresis loops changing direction and critical coupling phenomenon. Weak links in the NbN grain structure are hypothesized as the source of the nonlinearities
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This experiment is designed to compare the feedback from an altered superconductor resonator with a conventional, unaltered superconductor resonator. Superconducting transmission lines are patterned on a lanthanum aluminium substrate chip with a geometry that resonates within the microwave range. Nonlinearities, distortion of the signals in the superconductor, can be engineered into the transmission line using an ion beam or other artificial source of radiation. The sample in this experiment, thin-film yttrium barium copper oxide: YBCO was sent to a facility in Italy to be engineered with a nonlinearity and then characterized in a low temperature (77 K) cryostat. This means that the power dependence of a traditional resonator will differ greatly from this sample. Two key figures of merit of superconducting resonators are their critical power, where the power input to the resonator is most absorbed, and critical frequency of the sample, the frequency at which the critical power occurs. Both were found to vary with temperature, and at high incident power the frequency response of the resonator begins to experience deformation. The change of the power response as frequency is swept through (bending) and the hysteresis in the curve (bifurcation) form the core disparities between traditional superconducting resonators and those with engineered nonlinearities.
We study theoretically and experimentally the response of a microwave superconducting stripline resonator, integrated with a microbridge, to a monochromatic injected signal. We find that there is a certain range of driving parameters, in which a novel nonlinear phenomenon immerges, and self-sustained modulation of the reflected power off the resonator is generated by the resonator. A theoretical model which attributes the self modulation to a thermal instability yields a good agreement with the experimental results.
We study theoretically and experimentally the response of a microwave superconducting stripline resonator, integrated with a microbridge, to a monochromatic injected signal. We find that there is a certain range of driving parameters in which a novel nonlinear phenomenon emerges, and self-sustained modulation of the reflected power off the resonator is generated by the resonator. A theoretical model which attributes the self-modulation to a thermal instability yields a good agreement with the experimental results.
We study a microwave superconducting stripline resonator made of NbN on a Sapphire wafer. Novel, self-sustained modulation of the reflected power off the resonator, at frequencies of up to 60MHz, has been recently reported. Here we show experimentally that near the self modulation threshold, the device exhibits a giant nonlinearity, which manifests itself in an extremely high intermodulation gain, accompanied by a very strong noise squeezing and period doubling of various orders. Such a device is highly suitable for serving as a readout device in quantum data processing systems.