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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Unusual Nonlinear Dynamics Observed in NbN Superconducting Microwave Resonators

Baleegh Abdo, Eran Segev, Oleg Shtempluck, Eyal Buks

Published Jun 1, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on some unusual nonlinear dynamics observed in several NbN superconducting stripline microwave resonators. Among the nonlinear effects observed: abrupt bifurcations within the resonance lineshape, hysteretic behavior, hysteresis loops changing direction, resonance shift and critical coupling. Weak links forming at the boundaries of the columnar structure of the NbN films are hypothesized as the main origin of the nonlinearities.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/329

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We report on some unusual nonlinear dynamics observed in several NbN superconducting stripline microwave resonators. Among the nonlinear effects observed: abrupt bifurcations within the resonance lineshape, hysteretic behavior, hysteresis loops changing direction, resonance shift and critical coupling. Weak links forming at the boundaries of the columnar structure of the NbN films are hypothesized as the main origin of the nonlinearities.
In this paper, we report some extraordinary nonlinear dynamics measured in the resonance curve of NbN superconducting stripline microwave resonators. Among the nonlinearities observed: abrupt bifurcations in the resonance response at relatively low input powers, asymmetric resonances, multiple jumps within the resonance band, resonance frequency drift, frequency hysteresis, hysteresis loops changing direction and critical coupling phenomenon. Weak links in the NbN grain structure are hypothesized as the source of the nonlinearities
We report on unusual nonlinear dynamics observed in the resonance response of NbN\mathrm{NbN}NbN superconducting microwave resonators. The nonlinear dynamics which occurs at relatively low input powers (2--4 orders of magnitude lower than Nb) includes among others, jumps in the resonance line shape, hysteresis loops changing direction, and resonance frequency shift. These effects are measured herein using varying input power, applied magnetic field, white noise, and rapid frequency sweeps. Based on these measurement results, we consider a hypothesis according to which local heating of weak links forming at the boundaries of the NbN\mathrm{NbN}NbN grains is responsible for the observed behavior, and we show that most of the experimental results are qualitatively consistent with such a hypothesis.
In this experimental study we show that the coupling between Nb/NbN superconducting microwave resonators and their feedline can be made amplitude dependent. We employ this mechanism to tune the resonators into critical coupling condition, a preferable mode of operation for a wide range of applications. Moreover we examine the dependence of critical coupling state on other parameters such as temperature and magnetic field. Possible novel applications based on such nonlinear coupling are briefly discussed.
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We study a microwave superconducting stripline resonator made of NbN on a Sapphire wafer. Novel, self-sustained modulation of the reflected power off the resonator, at frequencies of up to 60MHz, has been recently reported. Here we show experimentally that near the self modulation threshold, the device exhibits a giant nonlinearity, which manifests itself in an extremely high intermodulation gain, accompanied by a very strong noise squeezing and period doubling of various orders. Such a device is highly suitable for serving as a readout device in quantum data processing systems.
This experiment is designed to compare the feedback from an altered superconductor resonator with a conventional, unaltered superconductor resonator. Superconducting transmission lines are patterned on a lanthanum aluminium substrate chip with a geometry that resonates within the microwave range. Nonlinearities, distortion of the signals in the superconductor, can be engineered into the transmission line using an ion beam or other artificial source of radiation. The sample in this experiment, thin-film yttrium barium copper oxide: YBCO was sent to a facility in Italy to be engineered with a nonlinearity and then characterized in a low temperature (77 K) cryostat. This means that the power dependence of a traditional resonator will differ greatly from this sample. Two key figures of merit of superconducting resonators are their critical power, where the power input to the resonator is most absorbed, and critical frequency of the sample, the frequency at which the critical power occurs. Both were found to vary with temperature, and at high incident power the frequency response of the resonator begins to experience deformation. The change of the power response as frequency is swept through (bending) and the hysteresis in the curve (bifurcation) form the core disparities between traditional superconducting resonators and those with engineered nonlinearities.