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arXiv:cond-mat/0407766 · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Oshikawa–Affleck Electron Spin Resonance Behavior Observed in One-Dimensional Antiferromagnet BaCu2(Si1-xGex)2O7(x=0.65)

Susumu Okubo, Daisuke Fukuoka, Motoi Kimata, Hitoshi Ohta, Yuji Inagaki, Takashi Kumimoto, Keiichi Koyama, M. Motokawa, Zenji Hiroi

Published Jan 1, 2005• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Submillimeter and millimeter wave electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of BaCu 2 (Si 1- x Ge x ) 2 O 7 , which is a mixed system of an S =1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, have been performed to investigate the limitations of the Oshikawa–Affleck theory for the ESR of an S =1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a staggered field. The magnetic field dependence of the linewidth and the field induced energy gap will be discussed in connection with the Oshikawa–Affleck theory.

DOI
10.1143/jpsjs.74s.80

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Submillimeter and millimeter wave electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of BaCu 2 (Si 1- x Ge x ) 2 O 7 , which is a mixed system of an S =1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, have been performed to investigate the limitations of the Oshikawa–Affleck theory for the ESR of an S =1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a staggered field. The magnetic field dependence of the linewidth and the field induced energy gap will be discussed in connection with the Oshikawa–Affleck theory.
In this review, the importance of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) to the magnetic properties of quantum spin systems is discussed mainly focusing on the determination of or understanding the role of DMI extracted from highfrequency high-field electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements.This review includes the ESR theories of the S = 1=2 one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnet with the staggered field (Oshikawa-Affleck theory) and with the uniform DMI, and several related experimental results are shown.Then, the proposed mechanisms of the singlet-triplet transition in quantum spin systems together with the ESR selection rules are introduced in connection with various experimental results.Finally, the role of DMI in the ground state of kagome lattice antiferromagnets and the honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet is discussed with some experimental results.
The magnetic-excitation spectrum of copper pyrimidine dinitrate, a material containing S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains with alternating g -tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and exhibiting a field-induced spin gap, is probed using tunable-frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy in magnetic fields up to 25 T. The data are interpreted in frame of the sine-Gordon quantum-field theoretical concept proposed recently by Oshikawa and Affleck. The field-induced gap is measured directly ; signatures of soliton and three breather branches are identified.
This article is a review of the recent achievements in experimental studies of magnetic excitations in the copper pyrimidine dinitrate [PM–Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2]n (PM = pyrimidine), an S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chain material with an alternating g-tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, by means of high-field electron spin resonance (ESR). Due to this alternation, in the 1D critical regime this material exhibits a field-induced gap. The excitation spectrum is formed by solitons and their bound states, breathers, and can be effectively described using the sine-Gordon model. With increasing temperature, the soliton-breather regime can be suppressed, resulting in a substantial evolution of ESR parameters. These changes can be described using a new theoretical concept recently proposed for S = 1/2 AF chains with a staggered transverse field. High magnetic field induces a transition into the spin-polarized state with the excitation spectrum formed by magnons. Nonmonotonous behavior of the field-induced gap is observed in vicinity of the saturation field. Experimental data are compared with results of existing theoretical approaches, revealing excellent agreement with predictions.
Abstract A spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is one of the most important paradigmatic models in quantum magnetism. Its ground state is a spin singlet, while the excitation spectrum is formed by gapless fractional excitations, spinons. The presence of alternating g-tensors and/or the staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction results in opening the energy gap Δ∝H2/3\varDelta \propto H^{2/3}Δ∝H2/3 Δ ∝ H 2 / 3 , once the magnetic field H is applied. A fairly good understanding of this phenomenon was achieved in the framework of the sine-Gordon quantum-field theory, taking into account the effective transverse staggered field induced by the applied uniform field. The theory predicts solitons and antisolitons as elementary excitations, as well as their bound states, breathers. Here, I review recent high-field electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies of such systems, focusing on peculiarities of their spin dynamics in the sine-Gordon regime and beyond.
Recently several compounds were observed to reveal properties of a one-dimensional spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with gapless low-lying spin excitations in an absence of an external magnetic field. However even a very weak external magnetic field yields an onset of a spin gap for those low-lying excitations. Usually this onset of a field-induced spin gap is related to the presence of a staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, or to the staggered effective g factors of magnetic ions. Experiments on thermodynamic properties cannot distinguish between those two origins for the spin-gap formation. Here we propose the setup for an experiment, in which one can clearly distinguish between the staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling and staggered external magnetic field: an electronic paramagnetic resonance in the parallel pumping geometry. The characteristics of the system under conditions of such an experiment, i.e., the renormalization of the homogeneous and staggered magnetizations, power of the microwave magnetic field, absorbed by the system, are calculated. Several important features of the solution are discussed.
A systematic field-theory approach to electron spin resonance (ESR) in the S=1/2S=1/2S=1/2 quantum antiferromagnetic chain at low temperature T (compared to the exchange coupling J) is developed. In particular, effects of a transverse staggered field h and an exchange anisotropy (including a dipolar interaction) \ensuremath{\delta} on the ESR line shape are discussed. In the lowest order perturbation theory, the linewidth is given as $\ensuremath{\propto}{\mathrm{Jh}}^{2}{/T}^{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\propto}(\ensuremath{\delta}{/J)}^{2}T,$ respectively. In the case of a transverse staggered field, the perturbative expansion diverges at lower temperature; nonperturbative effects at very low temperature are discussed using exact results on the sine-Gordon field theory. We also compare our field-theory results with the predictions of Kubo-Tomita theory for the high-temperature regime, and discuss the crossover between the two regimes. It is argued that a naive application of the standard Kubo-Tomita theory to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction gives an incorrect result. A rigorous and exact identity on the polarization dependence is derived for certain class of anisotropy, and compared with the field-theory results.