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arXiv:cond-mat/0403607 · Springer eBooks

Non-Equilibrium Mott Transition in a Lattice of Bose-Einstein Condensates

Jacek Dziarmaga, Augusto Smerzi, Wojciech Hubert Zurek, A. R. Bishop

Published Jan 1, 2003• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/978-94-007-1029-0_11

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Bose-Einstein condensates of cold atoms in optical lattices are interesting because the dynamics of the transition from a Mott insulator to a superfluid driven by a quench into the superfluid phase exemplifies non-equilibrium evolutions of gauge-symmetry broken quantum phases. Here we have actually visualised features in real space, which have domain structures that depend on the stage of the transition dynamics. Namely, the system after the quench relaxes in three processes: (i) an exponential growth of the superfluid density, (ii) collapse of the domain structure, and (iii) vortex-antivortex pair-annihilation as the long-range superfluid order is formed. Topological picture due to Kibble-Zurek mechanism and Zurek's freeze-out scenario for slow quenches are confirmed.
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The superfluid to one-dimensional Mott-insulator transition of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is demonstrated. In the experiment, we apply a one-dimensional optical lattice, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 852 nm, to a three dimensional BEC in a shallow trap. We use Kapitza-Dirac scattering to determine the depth of the optical lattice without knowledge of its exact geometry. We further study the dynamics of the transition as well as steady-state phase behavior specific to the one-dimensional case.