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arXiv:cond-mat/0403497 · Physical Review Letters

Quantum Control of Electron-Phonon Scatterings in Artificial Atoms

Ulrich Hohenester, Georg Stadler

Published May 10, 2004• 63 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The phonon-induced dephasing dynamics in optically excited semiconductor quantum dots is studied within the frameworks of the independent boson model and optimal control. We show that appropriate tailoring of laser pulses allow complete control of the optical excitation despite the phonon dephasing, a finding in marked contrast to other environment couplings.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.92.196801

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The phonon-induced dephasing dynamics in optically excited semiconductor quantum dots is studied within the frameworks of the independent boson model and optimal control. We show that appropriate tailoring of laser pulses allow complete control of the optical excitation despite the phonon dephasing, a finding in marked contrast to other environment couplings.
We study phonon-assisted dephasing in optically excited semiconductor quantum dots within the frameworks of the independent Boson model and optimal control. Using a realistic description for the quantum dot states and the phonon coupling, we demonstrate that such dephasing has a drastic impact on the coherent optical response. We employ optimal control theory to search for control strategies that allow to fight decoherence, and show that appropriate tailoring of laser pulses allows a complete control of the optical excitation despite the phonon dephasing.
A model of semiconductor quantum dots coupled to phonons and laser light, which is relevant in the limit of strong electronic confinement, is investigated. For an arbitrary sequence of excitations by ultrafast pulses, analytical solutions are obtained for all pertinent density-matrix elements. The results are nonperturbative with respect to the coupling to both phonons and laser light. The derivation depends neither on a particular choice of electronic wave functions nor on a particular wave-vector dependence of the phonon interaction or phonon dispersion. All components of the density matrix exhibit oscillatory dependences on the pulse areas of the exciting pulses analogously to the Rabi oscillations known from simple two-level systems. Three typical applications of the general results are worked out: (a) the influence of phonons on four-wave-mixing spectra, (b) the coherent control of electronic dot occupations in the presence of phonons, and (c) the dynamics of phonon correlations including the formation of a stable polaron spatially localized in the dot and the emission of a pulsed phonon wave packet that leaves the dot.
Electron-phonon interaction is a major source of optical dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots. Within a density matrix theory the electron-phonon interaction is considered up to the second order of a correlation expansion, allowing the calculation of the quantum kinetic dephasing dynamics of optically induced nonlinearities in GaAs quantum dots for arbitrary pulse strengths and shapes. We find Rabi oscillations renormalized and a damping that depends on the input pulse strength, a behavior not known from exponential dephasing mechanisms.
A new optical effect, the coherent control of spontaneous secondary emission with the participation of optical phonons in systems with discrete spectra of electronic transitions, is studied theoretically. Analytical formulas are obtained that describe the time-integrated signals of secondary emission excited resonantly by a pair of phase-locked pulses in the homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened systems of semiconductor quantum dots. It is shown that coherent control is a promising method for measuring the total dephasing rates of a resonance optical transition. A physically justified criterion for discriminating between scattering and luminescence in the secondary emission is found. The role of spectral filtering of the signal in the measurements of phase and energy relaxation parameters is elucidated.