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arXiv:cond-mat/0309349 · Physical Review A

Photon echo in the super-radiant light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate

N. Piovella, V. Beretta, Gordon R. M. Robb, R. Bonifacio

Published Aug 11, 2003• 14 citations
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Abstract

Super-radiant Rayleigh scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate, driven by a single far-detuned laser beam, is strongly limited by dephasing due to inhomogeneous broadening. We demonstrate that the dephasing can be reversed applying a Bragg pulse of area $\ensuremath{\pi}$ after the first superradiant scattering, stimulating a superradiant echo and inducing a further transfer of atoms from the initial condensate to a condensate with relative momentum $2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k$ in the direction of the laser.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.021801

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Super-radiant Rayleigh scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate, driven by a single far-detuned laser beam, is strongly limited by dephasing due to inhomogeneous broadening. We demonstrate that the dephasing can be reversed applying a Bragg pulse of area \ensuremathπ\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremathπ after the first superradiant scattering, stimulating a superradiant echo and inducing a further transfer of atoms from the initial condensate to a condensate with relative momentum 2\ensuremath\Elzxhk2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k2\ensuremath\Elzxhk in the direction of the laser.
We present the results of an experiment on superradiant Rayleigh scattering from a moving Bose-Einstein condensate, where a superposition of two atomic wavepackets is created by the interaction of a far-detuned laser beam with the condensate. The system is described by the CARL-BEC model which is a generalization of the Gross-Pitaevskii model to include the self-consistent evolution of the scattered field. The experiment gives evidence of a damping of the matter-wave grating which depends on the initial velocity of the condensate. We describe this damping in terms of a phase-diffusion decoherence process, in good agreement with the experimental results. In a second experiment we add a seeding beam counterpropagating with respect to the pump beam. Varying intensity and frequency of the seed, we investigate the transition from the superradiant regime to the Rabi oscillations regime, evidencing fundamental differences between these two processes.
Equations of a semiclassical model of superradiant Rayleigh scattering of high-intensity short light pulses from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases are solved numerically taking into account the excitation of atoms by coherent Rayleigh radiation and their recoil in the backward direction. The evolution of the populations of coherent atomic states with a particular momentum is studied, and the pulse shape and the structure of the spectrum of such scattering are found in relation to the laser beam intensity and the recoil kinetic energy of atoms.
We present the results of an experiment on light scattering from an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with a far-off-resonant pump laser. By collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) a coherent superposition of two atomic wave packets with different momenta is created. Varying the intensity of a weak counterpropagating laser beam we observe the transition from the pure superradiant regime to the Bragg scattering regime, where Rabi oscillations in a two-level system are observed. The process is limited by the decoherence between the two atomic wave packets. In the superradiant regime the experiment gives evidence of a contribution to decoherence which depends on the initial velocity of the condensate. The system is described by the CARL-BEC model, which is a generalization of the Gross-Pitaevskii model to include the self-consistent evolution of the scattered field and a phase-diffusion decoherence process, which accounts for the observed damping.
In a recent MIT experiment, a new form of superradiant Rayleigh scattering was observed in Bose-Einstein condensates. We present a detailed theory of this phenomenon in which condensate depletion leads to mode competition, which, together with the directional dependence of the scattering rate, is ultimately responsible for the observed phenomena. The nonlinear response of the system is shown to be highly sensitive to initial quantum fluctuations which cause large run to run variations in the observed superradiant pulses.