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arXiv:cond-mat/0306189 · Physical Review A

Atom trapping and two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates in field-induced adiabatic potentials

O. Zobay, B. M. Garraway

Published Feb 6, 2004• 103 citations

Abstract

We discuss a method to create two-dimensional (2D) traps as well as atomic shell, or bubble, states for a Bose-Einstein condensate initially prepared in a conventional magnetic trap. The scheme relies on the use of time-dependent, radio-frequency-induced adiabatic potentials. These are shown to form a versatile and robust tool to generate interesting trapping potentials. Our shell states take the form of thin, highly stable matter-wave bubbles and can serve as stepping stones to prepare atoms in highly excited trap eigenstates or to study ``collapse and revival phenomena.'' Their creation requires gravitational effects to be compensated by applying additional optical dipole potentials. However, in our scheme gravitation can also be exploited to provide a route to two-dimensional atom trapping. We demonstrate the loading process for such a trap and examine experimental conditions under which a 2D condensate may be prepared.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.69.023605

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We discuss a method to create two-dimensional (2D) traps as well as atomic shell, or bubble, states for a Bose-Einstein condensate initially prepared in a conventional magnetic trap. The scheme relies on the use of time-dependent, radio-frequency-induced adiabatic potentials. These are shown to form a versatile and robust tool to generate interesting trapping potentials. Our shell states take the form of thin, highly stable matter-wave bubbles and can serve as stepping stones to prepare atoms in highly excited trap eigenstates or to study ``collapse and revival phenomena.'' Their creation requires gravitational effects to be compensated by applying additional optical dipole potentials. However, in our scheme gravitation can also be exploited to provide a route to two-dimensional atom trapping. We demonstrate the loading process for such a trap and examine experimental conditions under which a 2D condensate may be prepared.

We propose two loading mechanisms of a degenerate Bose gas into a surface trap. This trap relies on the dipole potential produced by two evanescent optical waves far detuned from the atomic resonance, yielding a strongly anisotropic trap with typical frequencies 40 Hz × 65 Hz × 30 kHz. We present numerical simulations based on the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation of the transfer process from a conventional magnetic trap into the surface trap. We show that, despite a large discrepancy between the oscillation frequencies along one direction in the initial and final traps, a loading time of a few tens of milliseconds would lead to an adiabatic transfer. Preliminary experimental results are presented.

Abstract Within the many different models, that appeared with the use of cold atoms to create BECs, the bubble trap shaped potential has been of great interest. However, the relationship between the physical parameters and the resulting manifold geometry remains yet to be fully understood for the anisotropic bubble trap physics in the thin-shell limit. In this paper, we work towards this goal by showing how the parameters of the system must be manipulated in order to allow for a non-collapsing thin-shell limit. In such a limit, a dimensional compactification takes place, thus leading to an effective 2D Hamiltonian which relates to up-to-date bubble trap experiments. At last, the resulting Hamiltonian is perturbatively solved for both the ground-state wave function and the excitation frequencies in the leading order of deviations from a spherical bubble trap.

Ultracold quantum gases confined in three-dimensional bubble traps are promising tools for exploring many-body effects on curved manifolds. As an alternative to the conventional technique of radio-frequency dressing, we propose to create such shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates in microgravity based on dual-species atomic mixtures, and we analyze their properties as well as the feasibility of realizing symmetrically filled shells. Beyond similarities with the radio-frequency dressing method, as in the collective excitation spectrum, our approach has several natural advantages like the robustness of the created quantum bubbles and the possibility of magnifying shell effects through an interaction-driven expansion.

Within the many different models that appeared with the use of cold atoms to design BECs the bubble trap shaped potential has been of great interest. For the anisotropic bubble trap physics in the thin-shell limit the relationship between the physical parameters and the resulting manifold geometry is yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we work towards this goal showing how the parameters of the system must be manipulated in order to allow for a non-collapsing thin-shell limit. In such a limit, a dimensional compactification takes place thus leading to an effective 2D Hamiltonian which relates to up-to-date bubble trap experiments. At last, our Hamiltonian is pertubatively solved for some particular cases as applications of our theory.

We present the experimental implementation of a new trap for cold atoms proposed by O. Zobay and B. M. Garraway. It relies on adiabatic potentials for atoms dressed by a rf field in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This trap is well suited to confine atoms tightly along one direction to produce a two-dimensional atomic gas. We transferred ultracold atoms into this trap, starting either from thermal samples or Bose--Einstein condensates. In the latter case, technical noise during the loading stage caused heating and prevented us from observing 2D BECs.