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arXiv:cond-mat/0211263 · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics

Position-space renormalization-group approach for driven diffusive systems applied to the asymmetric exclusion model

Ivan T. Georgiev, Susan R. McKay

Published May 7, 2003• 5 citations
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Abstract

This paper introduces a position-space renormalization-group approach for nonequilibrium systems and applies the method to a driven stochastic one-dimensional gas with open boundaries. The dynamics are characterized by three parameters: the probability alpha that a particle will flow into the chain to the leftmost site, the probability beta that a particle will flow out from the rightmost site, and the probability p that a particle will jump to the right if the site to the right is empty. The renormalization-group procedure is conducted within the space of these transition probabilities, which are relevant to the system's dynamics. The method yields a critical point at alpha(c)=beta(c)=1/2, in agreement with the exact values, and the critical exponent nu=2.71, as compared with the exact value nu=2.00.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.67.056103

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This paper introduces a position-space renormalization-group approach for nonequilibrium systems and applies the method to a driven stochastic one-dimensional gas with open boundaries. The dynamics are characterized by three parameters: the probability alpha that a particle will flow into the chain to the leftmost site, the probability beta that a particle will flow out from the rightmost site, and the probability p that a particle will jump to the right if the site to the right is empty. The renormalization-group procedure is conducted within the space of these transition probabilities, which are relevant to the system's dynamics. The method yields a critical point at alpha(c)=beta(c)=1/2, in agreement with the exact values, and the critical exponent nu=2.71, as compared with the exact value nu=2.00.
This thesis describes the development of analytical and computational techniques for systems far from equilibrium and their application to three model systems. Each of the model systems reaches a non-equilibrium steady state and exhibits one or more phase transitions. We first introduce a new position-space renormalization-group approach and illustrate its application using the one-dimensional fully asymmetric exclusion process. We have constructed a recursion relation for the relevant dynamic parameters for this model and have reproduced all of the important critical features of the model, including the exact positions of the critical point and the first and second order phase boundaries. The method yields an approximate value for the critical exponent v which is very close to the known value. The second major part of this thesis combines information theoretic techniques for calculating the entropy and a Monte Carlo renormalization-group approach. We have used this method to study and compare infinitely driven lattice gases. This approach enables us to calculate the critical exponents associated with the correlation length v and the order parameter /3. These results are compared to the values predicted from different field theoretic treatments of the models. In the final set of calculations, we build position-space renormalization-group recursion relations from the master equations of small clusters. By obtaining the probability distributions for these clusters numerically, we develop a mapping connecting the parameters specifying the dynamics on different length scales. The resulting flow topology in some ways mimics equilibrium features, with sinks for each phase and fixed points associated with each phase boundary. In addition, though, there are added complexities in the flows, suggesting multiple regions within the ordered phase for some values of parameters, and the presence of an extra "source" fixed point within the ordered phase. Thus, this study illustrates the successful applicability of position-space renormalization- group and information theoretic approaches to driven lattice gases in one and two dimensions. These methods provide new insights into the critical properties and ordering in these systems, and set the stage for further development of these approaches and their application to additional, more realistic models.
We consider the one-dimensional partially asymmetric exclusion process with random hopping rates, in which a fraction of particles (or sites) have a preferential jumping direction against the global drift. In this case, the accumulated distance traveled by the particles, x, scales with the time, t, as x approximately t(1/z), with a dynamical exponent z>0. Using extreme value statistics and an asymptotically exact strong disorder renormalization group method, we exactly calculate z(PW) for particlewise disorder, which is argued to be related as z(SW)=z(PW)/2 for sitewise disorder. In the symmetric case with zero mean drift, the particle diffusion is ultraslow, logarithmic in time.
We consider a d-dimensional stochastic lattice gas of interacting particles, diffusing under the influence of a short-ranged, attractive Ising Hamiltonian and a ``hybrid'' external field which is a superposition of a uniform and an annealed random drive, acting in orthogonal subspaces of dimensions one and m, respectively. Driven into a nonequilibrium steady state, the half-filled system phase segregates via a continuous transition at a field-dependent critical temperature. Using renormalization-group techniques, we show that its critical behavior falls into a new universality class with upper critical dimension dc{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{c}}dc​=5-m, characterized by two distinct anisotropy exponents, which, like all other indices, are computed exactly to all orders in perturbation theory.
We continue our studies [J. Stat. Phys. 71, 485 (1993)] of a one-dimensional anisotropic exclusion process with parallel dynamics describing particles moving to the right on a chain of L sites. Instead of considering periodic boundary conditions with a defect as in our studies, we study open boundary conditions with injection of particles with rate \ensuremath{\alpha} at the origin and absorption of particles with rate \ensuremath{\beta} at the boundary. We construct the steady state and compute the density profile as a function of \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta}. In the large-L limit we find a high-density phase (\ensuremath{\alpha}>\ensuremath{\beta}) and a low-density phase (\ensuremath{\alpha}). In both phases, the density distribution along the chain approaches its respective constant bulk value exponentially on a length scale \ensuremath{\xi}. They are separated by a phase-transition line where \ensuremath{\xi} diverges and where the density increases linearly with the distance from the origin. Furthermore, we present exact expressions for all equal-time n-point density correlation functions and for the time-dependent two-point function in the steady state. We compare our results with predictions from local dynamical scaling and discuss some conjectures for other exclusion models.
The flow-equation method was proposed by Wegner as a technique for studying interacting systems in one dimension. Here, we apply this method to a disordered one-dimensional model with power-law decaying hoppings. This model presents a transition as function of the decaying exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. We derive the flow equations and the evolution of single-particle operators. The flow equation reveals the delocalized nature of the states for $\ensuremath{\alpha}<\frac{1}{2}$. Additionally, in the regime $\ensuremath{\alpha}>\frac{1}{2}$, we present a strong-bond renormalization group structure based on iterating the three-site clusters, where we solve the flow equations perturbatively. This renormalization group approach allows us to probe the critical point $\left(\ensuremath{\alpha}=1\right)$. This method correctly reproduces the critical level-spacing statistics and the fractal dimensionality of the eigenfunctions.
The Flow Equation Method was proposed by Wegner as a technique for studying interacting systems in one dimension. Here, we apply this method to a disordered one-dimensional model with power-law decaying hoppings. This model presents a transition as function of the decaying exponent α\alphaα. We derive the flow equations, and the evolution of single-particle operators. The flow equation reveals the delocalized nature of the states for α1/2\alpha 1/2α1/2, we present a strong-bond renormalization group structure based on iterating the three-site clusters, where we solve the flow equations perturbatively. This renormalization group approach allows us to probe the critical point (α=1)\left(\alpha=1\right)(α=1). This method correctly reproduces the critical level-spacing statistics, and the fractal dimensionality of the eigenfunctions.