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arXiv:cond-mat/0210651 · Physical Review Letters

Feshbach Resonances in Rubidium 87: Precision Measurement and Analysis

Andreas Marte, Thomas Volz, J. Schuster, Stephan Dürr, Gerhard Rempe, E. G. M. van Kempen, BOUDEWIJN J. VERHAAR

Published Dec 30, 2002• 313 citations
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Abstract

More than 40 Feshbach resonances in rubidium 87 are observed in the magnetic-field range between 0.5 and 1260 G for various spin mixtures in the lower hyperfine ground state. The Feshbach resonances are observed by monitoring the atom loss, and their positions are determined with an accuracy of 30 mG. In a detailed analysis, the resonances are identified and an improved set of model parameters for the rubidium interatomic potential is deduced. The elastic width of the broadest resonance at 1007 G is predicted to be significantly larger than the magnetic-field resolution of the apparatus. This demonstrates the potential for applications based on tuning the scattering length.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.89.283202

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More than 40 Feshbach resonances in rubidium 87 are observed in the magnetic-field range between 0.5 and 1260 G for various spin mixtures in the lower hyperfine ground state. The Feshbach resonances are observed by monitoring the atom loss, and their positions are determined with an accuracy of 30 mG. In a detailed analysis, the resonances are identified and an improved set of model parameters for the rubidium interatomic potential is deduced. The elastic width of the broadest resonance at 1007 G is predicted to be significantly larger than the magnetic-field resolution of the apparatus. This demonstrates the potential for applications based on tuning the scattering length.
A cloud of /sup 87/Rb atoms in the |f, m/sub f/>= |1, -1> ground state was evaporatively cooled in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap close to or below the BEC transition temperature. The atoms were then transferred into an optical dipole trap made of an Yb:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1030 nm. After turning off the magnetic trap, an RF pulse transferred the atoms to the |1,1> Zeeman state. Subsequently, a homogeneous dc magnetic field was applied. The field range was scanned between 0.5 and 1260 Gauss. Monitoring the atom loss, more than 40 resonances, are observed including the predicted ones. The additional resonances are due to closed channels with rotational quantum number l = 2. The measured resonance positions were included in a fit to obtain an improved set of parameters for the rubidium interatomic potential. Although all resonances are narrow, the magnetic field control should be accurate enough to resolve changes in the elastic scattering length on the broadest resonance at 1007 Gauss.
We have observed 28 heteronuclear Feshbach resonances in ten spin combinations of the hyperfine ground states of a $^{40}\mathrm{K}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ mixture. The measurements were performed by observing the loss rates from an atomic mixture at magnetic fields between 000 and 700G700\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}700G. These data were used to significantly refine an interatomic potential derived from molecular spectroscopy, yielding a highly consistent model of the $^{40}\mathrm{K}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ interaction. Thus, the measured resonances can be assigned to the corresponding molecular states. In addition, this potential allows for an accurate calculation of the energy differences between highly excited levels and the rovibrational ground level. This information is of particular relevance for the formation of deeply bound heteronuclear molecules. Finally, the model is used to predict Feshbach resonances in mixtures of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb combined with 39K^{39}\mathrm{K}39K or 41K^{41}\mathrm{K}41K.
K) molecules in the rovibrational ground state. We prepare the atoms and molecules in various hyperfine levels of their ground states and observe the loss of molecules as a function of the magnetic field. The atom-molecule Feshbach resonances are identified by observing an enhancement of the loss. We have observed 11 resonances in the magnetic field range of 43 to 120 gauss. The observed atom-molecule Feshbach resonances at ultralow temperatures probe the three-body potential energy surface with exceptional resolution and will help to improve understanding of ultracold collisions.
The ultracold mixture of 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms has become an important system for investigating physics in Bose-Bose atomic mixtures and for forming ultracold ground-state polar molecules. In this work, we provide an improved characterization of the most commonly used Feshbach resonance near 347.64 G between 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in their absolute ground states. We form Feshbach molecules using this resonance and measure their binding energies by dissociating them via magnetic-field modulation. We use the binding energies to refine the singlet and triplet potential-energy curves, using coupled-channel bound-state calculations. We then use coupled-channel scattering calculations on the resulting potentials to produce a high-precision mapping between magnetic field and scattering length. We also observe ten additional sss-wave Feshbach resonances for 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in different combinations of Zeeman sublevels of the F=1F=1F=1 hyperfine states. Some of the resonances show two-body inelastic decay due to spin exchange. We compare the resonance properties with coupled-channel scattering calculations that full take account of inelastic properties.
Three magnetic-field induced heteronuclear Feshbach resonances were identified in collisions between bosonic 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{b}87Rb and fermionic 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K atoms in their absolute ground states. Strong inelastic loss from an optically trapped mixture was observed at the resonance positions of 492, 512, and $543\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}$. The magnetic-field locations of these resonances place a tight constraint on the triplet and singlet cross-species scattering lengths, yielding $(\ensuremath{-}281\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15){a}_{0}$ and $(\ensuremath{-}54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12){a}_{0}$, respectively. The width of the loss feature at 543 G is $3.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}$ wide; this broad Feshbach resonance should enable experimental control of the interspecies interactions.
We have studied magnetic Feshbach resonances in an ultracold sample of Na prepared in the absolute hyperfine ground state. We report on the observation of three sss-, eight ddd-, and three ggg-wave Feshbach resonances, including a more precise determination of two known sss-wave resonances, and one sss-wave resonance at a magnetic field exceeding 200 mT. Using a coupled-channels calculation we have improved the sodium ground-state potentials by taking into account these new experimental data and derived values for the scattering lengths. In addition, a description of the molecular states leading to the Feshbach resonances in terms of the asymptotic-bound-state model is presented.