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arXiv:cond-mat/0111256 · Physical Review A

Probing dipolar effects with condensate shape oscillation

S. Yi, Li You

Published Jul 18, 2002• 47 citations
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Abstract

We discuss the low-energy shape oscillations of a magnetically trapped atomic condensate including the spin dipole interaction. When the nominal isotropic s-wave interaction strength becomes tunable through a Feshbach resonance (e.g., as for ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms), anisotropic dipolar effects are shown to be detectable under current experimental conditions [E. A. Donley et al., Nature (London) 412, 295 (2001)].

DOI
10.1103/physreva.66.013607

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We discuss the low-energy shape oscillations of a magnetically trapped atomic condensate including the spin dipole interaction. When the nominal isotropic s-wave interaction strength becomes tunable through a Feshbach resonance (e.g., as for 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms), anisotropic dipolar effects are shown to be detectable under current experimental conditions [E. A. Donley et al., Nature (London) 412, 295 (2001)].
The sss-wave interaction is usually the dominant form of interactions in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Recently, Feshbach resonances have been employed to reduce the strength of the sss-wave interaction in many atomic species. This opens the possibilities to study magnetic dipole-dipole interactions (MDDIs) in BECs, where the novel physics resulting from long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions can be explored. Using a variational method, we study the effect of MDDIs on the statics and dynamics of atomic BECs with tunable sss-wave interactions for a variety of species, including both nonalkali metals with large magnetic dipole moments (52{}^{52}52Cr, 164{}^{164}164Dy, 168{}^{168}168Er) and alkali metals (with much smaller magnetic dipole moments). A parameter of magnetic Feshbach resonances, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{dd,\text{max}}$, is used to quantitatively indicate the feasibility of experimentally observing MDDI effects in different atomic species. We find that strong MDDI effects should be observable in both in-trap and time-of-flight behaviors, not only for the strongly magnetic dipolar species but also for the alkali-metal BECs of 7{}^{7}7Li, 39{}^{39}39K, and 133{}^{133}133Cs. In addition, we predict several effects which should be experimentally observable. Our results provide a helpful guide for experimentalists to realize and study atomic dipolar quantum gases.
We report on experiments exploring the physics of dipolar quantum gases using a Chromium Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By means of a Feshbach resonance, it is possible to reduce the effects of short range interactions and reach a regime where the physics is governed by the long-range, anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction between the large (6μB6 μ_{\rm B}6μB​) magnetic moments of Chromium atoms. Several dramatic effects of the dipolar interaction are observed: the usual inversion of ellipticity of the condensate during time-of flight is inhibited, the stability of the dipolar gas depends strongly on the trap geometry, and the explosion following the collapse of an unstable dipolar condensate displays d-wave like features.
We report on experiments exploring the physics of dipolar quantum gases using a 52 Cr Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By means of a Feshbach resonance, it is possible to reduce the effects of short range interactions and reach a regime where the physics is governed by the long-range, anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction between the large (6 µB) magnetic moments of Chromium atoms. Several dramatic effects of the dipolar interaction are observed: the usual inversion of ellipticity of the condensate during time-of flight is inhibited, the stability of the dipolar gas depends strongly on the trap geometry, and the explosion following the collapse of an unstable dipolar condensate displays d-wave like features.
With current magnetic-field shielding and high-precision detection in dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, it is possible to experimentally detect the low- or zero-field nonsecular dipolar dynamics. Here we analytically investigate the zero-field nonsecular magnetic dipolar interaction effect, with an emphasis on magnetization dynamics in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate under the single spatial mode approximation within the mean-field theory. Due to the biaxial nature of the dipolar interaction, a novel resonance occurs in the condensate magnetization oscillation, in contrast to the previous assumption of a conserved magnetization in strong magnetic fields. Furthermore, we propose a dynamical-decoupling detection method for such a resonance, which cancels the stray magnetic fields in experiment but restores the magnetization dynamics. Our results shed light on the dipolar systems and may find potential applications beyond cold atoms.
Under many circumstances, the only important two-body interaction between atoms in ultracold dilute atomic vapors is the short-ranged isotropic s-wave collision. Recent studies have shown, however, that situations may arise where the dipolar interaction between atomic magnetic or electric dipole moments can play a significant role. The long-range anisotropic nature of the dipolar interaction greatly enriches the static and dynamic properties of ultracold atoms. In the case of dipolar spinor condensates, the interplay between the dipolar interaction and the spin exchange interaction may lead to nontrivial spin textures. Here we pay particular attention to the spin vortex state that is analogous to the magnetic vortex found in thin magnetic films.