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arXiv:cond-mat/0110098 · Physical Review Letters

Degenerate Fermion Gas Heating by Hole Creation

E.A.H. Timmermans

Published Nov 21, 2001• 64 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Loss processes that remove particles from an atom trap leave holes behind in the single particle distribution if the trapped gas is a degenerate fermion system. The appearance of holes increases the temperature and we show that the heating (i) is significant if the initial temperature is well below the Fermi temperature T(F), and (ii) increases the temperature to T> or =T(F)/4 after half of the system's lifetime, regardless of the initial temperature. The hole heating has important consequences for the prospect of observing Cooper pairing in atom traps.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.87.240403

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Loss processes that remove particles from an atom trap leave holes behind in the single particle distribution if the trapped gas is a degenerate fermion system. The appearance of holes increases the temperature and we show that the heating (i) is significant if the initial temperature is well below the Fermi temperature T(F), and (ii) increases the temperature to T> or =T(F)/4 after half of the system's lifetime, regardless of the initial temperature. The hole heating has important consequences for the prospect of observing Cooper pairing in atom traps.
We report on the impact of the extended geometry of a ring-dimple trap on particle-loss heating of a degenerate Fermi gas. When the Fermi level is slightly greater than the depth of the dimple and a broad, low-density ``halo'' is present, the overall heating rate is reduced relative to the case of a bare ring. We find that the experimentally measured heating rates for the overfilled dimple are in good agreement with a model of the hole-induced heating caused by background-gas collisions. This suppression of the heating rate can be helpful for experimental studies of fermionic superfluids in the weak pairing limit, where achieving and maintaining low temperatures over long timescales are essential.
We study the sympathetic cooling of a trapped Fermi gas interacting with an ideal Bose gas below the critical temperature of the Bose-Einstein condensation. We derive the quantum master equation, which describes the dynamics of the fermionic component, and postulating the thermal distribution for both gases we calculate analytically the rate at which fermions are cooled by the bosonic atoms. The particle losses constitute an important source of heating of the degenerate Fermi gas. We evaluate the rate of loss-induced heating and derive analytical results for the final temperature of fermions, which is limited in the presence of particle losses.
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The possibility for the particles in a Fermi gas to emit and reabsorb density and spin fluctuations gives rise to an effective mass and to a lifetime of the quasi-particles, as well as to an effective pairing interaction which affect in an important way the BCS critical temperature. We calculate these effects for a spherically symmetric trapped Fermi gas of ∼\sim∼ 1000 particles. The calculation provides insight on the many-body physics of finite Fermi gases and is closely related to similar problems recently considered in the case of atomic nuclei and neutron stars.