The boundary of phase separation of the two-dimensional $t\ensuremath{-}J$ model is investigated by the power-Lanczos method and Maxwell construction. The method is similar to a variational approach and it determines the lower bound of the phase-separation boundary with ${J}_{c}/t=0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ in the limit ${n}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}1.$ In the physically interesting regime of high-
Tc superconductors where
0.3<J/t<0.5 there is no phase separation.
The two-dimensional t-J model in the ground state is investigated by the power Lanczos method. The pairing-pairing correlation function for ${\mathrm{d}}_{{\mathrm{x}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{y}}^{2}}$-wave symmetry is enhanced in the realistic parameter regime for high-
Tc superconductors. The charge susceptibility ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ shows divergent behavior as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathrm{c}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ near half filling for the doping concentration \ensuremath{\delta}, indicating that the value of the dynamical exponent z is four under the assumption of hyperscaling. The peak height of the spin structure factor
Smax(Q) also behaves as
Smax(Q)\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ near half filling, which leads to the divergence of the antiferromagnetic correlation length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ as ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{m}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1\mathrm{/}2}$. The boundary of phase separation is estimated on the basis of the Maxwell construction. Numerical results are compared with experimental features observed in high-
Tc cuprates.