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arXiv:cond-mat/0103332 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Finite-size scaling and corrections in the Ising model with Brascamp-Kunz boundary conditions

Wolfhard Janke E, Ralph Kenna B

Published Jan 24, 2002• 66 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Ising model in two dimensions with the special boundary conditions of Brascamp and Kunz is analyzed. Leading and subdominant scaling behavior of the Fisher zeros are determined exactly. The exact finite-size scaling, with corrections, of the specific heat is determined both at critical and effective critical (pseudocritical) points. The shift exponents associated with the scaling of these effective critical points are not the same as the inverse correlation length critical exponent. All corrections to scaling are analytic.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.65.064110

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The Ising model in two dimensions with the special boundary conditions of Brascamp and Kunz is analyzed. Leading and subdominant scaling behavior of the Fisher zeros are determined exactly. The exact finite-size scaling, with corrections, of the specific heat is determined both at critical and effective critical (pseudocritical) points. The shift exponents associated with the scaling of these effective critical points are not the same as the inverse correlation length critical exponent. All corrections to scaling are analytic.
INTRODUCTION Finite-size scaling (FSS) is a well established technique for the extraction of critical exponents from finite volume analyses [1]. Such exponents characterise critical phenomena at a second-order phase transition. The simplest model exhibiting such a transition is the Ising model in two dimensions, which, despite a long history and extensive study, still o#ers new results and insights. Here, we study the model under the special boundary conditions of Brascamp and Kunz [2] to extract new information and to help resolve some hitherto puzzling features of FSS. Let CL (#) be the specific heat at inverse temperature # for a system of linear extent L. FSS of the specific heat is characterized by the location of its peak, #L , its height CL (# L ) and its value at the infinite-volume critical point CL (# c ). The peak position, #L , is a pseudocritical point which typically approaches # c as L ## as |# # c L -# , (1) where # is the shift exponent. In two dimensions,
Finite-size scaling, finite-size corrections, and boundary effects for critical systems have attracted much attention in recent years. Here we derive exact finite-size corrections for the free energy F and the specific heat C of the critical ferromagnetic Ising model on the Mu x 2 Nu square lattice with Brascamp-Kunz (BK) boundary conditions [J. Math. Phys. 15, 66 (1974)] and compare such results with those under toroidal boundary conditions. When the ratio xi/2=(Mu+1)/2 Nu is smaller than 1 the behaviors of finite-size corrections for C are quite different for BK and toroidal boundary conditions; when ln(xi/2) is larger than 3, finite-size corrections for C in two boundary conditions approach the same values. In the limit Nu-->infinity we obtain the expansion of the free energy for infinitely long strip with BK boundary conditions. Our results are consistent with the conformal field theory prediction for the mixed boundary conditions by Cardy [Nucl. Phys. B 275, 200 (1986)] although the definitions of boundary conditions in two cases are different in one side of the long strip.
Abstract We derive exact finite-size corrections for the free energy F of the Ising model on the square lattice with Brascamp–Kunz boundary conditions. We calculate ratios r p ( ρ ) of pth coefficients of F for the infinitely long cylinder ( ) and the infinitely long Brascamp–Kunz strip ( ) at varying values of the aspect ratio . Like previous studies have shown for the two-dimensional dimer model, the limiting values p → ∞ of r p ( ρ ) exhibit abrupt anomalous behavior at certain values of ρ. These critical values of ρ and the limiting values of the finite-size-expansion-coefficient ratios differ, however, between the two models.
The influence of a thermodynamic constraint on the critical finite-size scaling behavior of three-dimensional Ising and XY models is analyzed by Monte-Carlo simulations. Within the Ising universality class constraints lead to Fisher renormalized critical exponents, which modify the asymptotic form of the scaling arguments of the universal finite-size scaling functions. Within the XY universality class constraints lead to very slowly decaying corrections inside the scaling arguments, which are governed by the specific heat exponent alpha. If the modification of the scaling arguments is properly taken into account in the scaling analysis of the data, finite-size scaling functions are obtained, which are independent of the constraint as anticipated by analytic theory.
We have performed extensive studies of finite-size scaling in the three-dimensional Ising model, using a specially designed Ising processor. We show results for the susceptibility, the energy and specific heat, and the connected part of the fourth moment of the magnetization. Corrections to finite-size scaling are found to be small only for lattices of linear dimension greater than about L=24. This effect severely limits the accuracy to which critical parameters can be estimated. We estimate Kc{K}_{c}Kc​=0.221 650\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000 005 for the critical coupling, while exponent estimates are consistent with those obtained by other methods.
We present a unified view of finite-size scaling (FSS) in dimension d above the upper critical dimension, for both free and periodic boundary conditions. We find that the modified FSS proposed some time ago to allow for violation of hyperscaling due to a dangerous irrelevant variable applies only to k=0 fluctuations, and "standard" FSS applies to k≠0 fluctuations. Hence the exponent η describing power-law decay of correlations at criticality is unambiguously η=0. With free boundary conditions, the finite-size "shift" is greater than the rounding. Nonetheless, using T-T(L), where T(L) is the finite-size pseudocritical temperature, rather than T-T(c), as the scaling variable, the data do collapse onto a scaling form that includes the behavior both at T(L), where the susceptibility χ diverges like L(d/2), and at the bulk T(c), where it diverges like L(2). These claims are supported by large-scale simulations on the five-dimensional Ising model.