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arXiv:cond-mat/0101054 · Physical Review Letters

Finite-Size Scaling for the Ising Model on the Möbius Strip and the Klein Bottle

Kazuhisa Kaneda, Yutaka Okabe

Published Mar 5, 2001• 52 citations
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Abstract

We study the finite-size scaling properties of the Ising model on the Möbius strip and the Klein bottle. The results are compared with those of the Ising model under different boundary conditions, that is, the free, cylindrical, and toroidal boundary conditions. The difference in the magnetization distribution function p(m) for various boundary conditions is discussed in terms of the number of the percolating clusters and the cluster size. We also find interesting aspect-ratio dependence of the value of the Binder parameter at T = T(c) for various boundary conditions. We discuss the relation to the finite-size correction calculations for the dimer statistics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.86.2134

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We study the finite-size scaling properties of the Ising model on the Möbius strip and the Klein bottle. The results are compared with those of the Ising model under different boundary conditions, that is, the free, cylindrical, and toroidal boundary conditions. The difference in the magnetization distribution function p(m) for various boundary conditions is discussed in terms of the number of the percolating clusters and the cluster size. We also find interesting aspect-ratio dependence of the value of the Binder parameter at T = T(c) for various boundary conditions. We discuss the relation to the finite-size correction calculations for the dimer statistics.
Closed-form expressions are obtained for the partition function of the Ising model on an MxN simple-quartic lattice embedded on a Möbius strip and a Klein bottle. The solutions all lead to the same bulk free energy, but for finite M and N the expressions are different depending on whether the strip width M is odd or even. Finite-size corrections at criticality are analyzed and compared with those under cylindrical and toroidal boundary conditions. Our results are consistent with the conformal field prediction of a central charge c=1/2, provided that the twisted Möbius boundary condition is regarded as a free or fixed boundary.
The recent progress in the study of finite-size scaling (FSS) properties of the Ising model is briefly reviewed. We calculate the universal FSS functions for the Binder parameter g and the magnetization distribution function p(m) for the Ising model on L1×L2 two-dimensional lattices with tilted boundary conditions. We show that the FSS functions are universal for fixed sets of the aspect ratio L1/L2 and the tilt parameter. We also study the percolating properties of the Ising model, giving attention to the effects of the aspect ratio of finite systems. We elucidate the origin of the complex structure of p(m) for the system with large aspect ratio by the multiple-percolating-cluster argument.
Based on the connection between the Ising model and a correlated percolation model, we calculate the distribution function for the fraction (c) of lattice sites in percolating clusters in subgraphs with n percolating clusters, f(n)(c), and the distribution function for magnetization (m) in subgraphs with n percolating clusters, p(n)(m). We find that f(n)(c) and p(n)(m) have very good finite-size scaling behavior and that they have universal finite-size scaling functions for the model on square, plane triangular, and honeycomb lattices when aspect ratios of these lattices have the proportions 1:square root[3]/2:square root[3]. The complex structure of the magnetization distribution function p(m) for the system with large aspect ratio could be understood from the independent orientations of two or more percolation clusters in such a system.
Finite-size scaling functions are investigated both for the mean-square magnetization fluctuations and for the probability distribution of the magnetization in the one-dimensional Ising model. The scaling functions are evaluated in the limit of the temperature going to zero (T -> 0), the size of the system going to infinity (N -> oo) while N[1-tanh(J/k_BT)] is kept finite (J being the nearest neighbor coupling). Exact calculations using various boundary conditions (periodic, antiperiodic, free, block) demonstrate explicitly how the scaling functions depend on the boundary conditions. We also show that the block (small part of a large system) magnetization distribution results are identical to those obtained for free boundary conditions.
Abstract We derive exact finite-size corrections for the free energy F of the Ising model on the square lattice with Brascamp–Kunz boundary conditions. We calculate ratios r p ( ρ ) of pth coefficients of F for the infinitely long cylinder ( ) and the infinitely long Brascamp–Kunz strip ( ) at varying values of the aspect ratio . Like previous studies have shown for the two-dimensional dimer model, the limiting values p → ∞ of r p ( ρ ) exhibit abrupt anomalous behavior at certain values of ρ. These critical values of ρ and the limiting values of the finite-size-expansion-coefficient ratios differ, however, between the two models.
Finite-size scaling functions are investigated both for the mean-square magnetization fluctuations and for the probability distribution of the magnetization in the one-dimensional Ising model. The scaling functions are evaluated in the limit of the temperature going to zero (T → 0), the size of the system going to infinity (N → ∞) while N[1 − tanh(J/kBT)] is kept finite (J being the nearest neighbour coupling). Exact calculations using various boundary conditions (periodic, antiperiodic, free, block) demonstrate explicitly how the scaling functions depend on the boundary conditions. We also show that the block (small part of a large system) magnetization distribution results are identical to those obtained for free boundary conditions.