Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0008232 · Physical Review Letters

Does Matter Wave Amplification Work for Fermions?

Wolfgang Ketterle, S. Inouye

Published May 7, 2001• 68 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We discuss the relationship between bosonic stimulation, density fluctuations, and matter wave gratings. It is shown that enhanced stimulated scattering, matter wave amplification, and atomic four-wave mixing do not require macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state. These processes are in principle possible for fermionic or nondegenerate samples, if they are prepared in a cooperative state. In practice, there are limitations due to short coherence times.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.86.4203

Related papers

Atomic Four-Wave Mixing: Fermions versus Bosons

M. G. Moore, Pierre Meystre

We compare four-wave mixing in quantum degenerate gases of bosonic and fermionic atoms. We find that matter-wave gratings formed from either bosonic or fermionic atoms can in principle exhibit nearly identical Bragg scattering and four-wave mixing properties. This implies that effects such as coherent matter-wave amplification and superradiance can occur in degenerate Fermi gases. This effect is due to constructive many-particle quantum interferences, which in the boson case are interpreted as "Bose enhancement."

arXiv:cond-mat/0008264•Physical Review Letters•May 7, 2001•62 citations

quantum interference in bosonic and fermionic matter-wave amplification

Hui Deng, Y. Yamamoto

We investigate the quantum interference effects in two types of matter-wave mixing experiments: one with initial matter waves prepared in independent Fock states (type I) and the other with each individual particle prepared in a same coherent superposition of states (type II). In the type I experiment, a symmetric wavefunction of bosons leads to constructive quantum interference and shows final state stimulation, while an anti-symmetric wavefunction of fermions results in destructive quantum interference and inhibited matter wave mixing. In the type II experiment, a coherent superposition state leads to constructive quantum interference and enhanced matter wave mixing for both bosons and fermions, independent of their quantum statistics.

arXiv:quant-ph/0210178•Oct 25, 2002•0 citations

Correlations in Amplified Four-Wave Mixing of Matter Waves

RuGway Wu, Sean S. Hodgman, R. G. Dall +2 more

The coherence properties of amplified matter waves generated by four-wave mixing (FWM) are studied using the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss method. We examine two limits. In the first case stimulated processes lead to the selective excitation of a pair of spatially separated modes, which we show to be second order coherent, while the second occurs when the FWM process is multimode, due to spontaneous scattering events which leads to incoherent matter waves. Amplified FWM is a promising candidate for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics where correlated modes with large occupations are required.

Physical Review Letters•Aug 9, 2011•30 citations

Collective enhancement and suppression in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates

Wolfgang Ketterle, S. Inouye

The coherent and collective nature of a Bose-Einstein condensate can enhance or suppress physical processes. Bosonic stimulation enhances scattering in already occupied states which leads to matter wave amplification, and the suppression of dissipation leads to superfluidity. In this summer school notes we present several experiments where enhancement and suppression have been observed and discuss the common roots of and differences between these phenomena.

arXiv:cond-mat/0101424•Jan 29, 2001•0 citations

The Onset of Matter-Wave Amplification in a Superradiant Bose-Einstein Condensate

Dominik Schneble, Yoshio Torii, Micah Boyd +3 more

The interaction of short and strong laser pulses with an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is found to generate patterns of recoiling atoms that are different from those seen in previous light-scattering experiments. This phenomenon can only be explained by optical stimulation, showing that the previous description of superradiance as atomic stimulation is incomplete and that matter-wave amplification in Bose-Einstein condensates is suppressed at short times. Our experiments clarify the nature of bosonic stimulation in the four-wave mixing of light and atoms.

Science•Apr 17, 2003•187 citations

Four-wave mixing in degenerate Fermi gases: Beyond the undepleted pump approximation

T. Miyakawa, H. Christ, Christopher P. Search +1 more

We analyze the full nonlinear dynamics of the four-wave mixing between an incident beam of fermions and a fermionic density grating. We find that when the number of atoms in the beam is comparable to the number of atoms forming the grating, the dephasing of that grating, which normally leads to the decay of its amplitude, is suppressed. Instead, the density grating and the beam density exhibit large nonlinear coupled amplitude oscillations. In this case, four-wave mixing can persist for much longer times compared to the case of negligible back action. We also evaluate the efficiency of the four-wave mixing and show that it can be enhanced by producing an initial density grating with an amplitude that is less than the maximum value. These results indicate that efficient four-wave mixing in fermionic alkali gases should be experimentally observable.

arXiv:cond-mat/0301278•Physical Review A•Jun 17, 2003•5 citations
We discuss the relationship between bosonic stimulation, density fluctuations, and matter wave gratings. It is shown that enhanced stimulated scattering, matter wave amplification, and atomic four-wave mixing do not require macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state. These processes are in principle possible for fermionic or nondegenerate samples, if they are prepared in a cooperative state. In practice, there are limitations due to short coherence times.
We compare four-wave mixing in quantum degenerate gases of bosonic and fermionic atoms. We find that matter-wave gratings formed from either bosonic or fermionic atoms can in principle exhibit nearly identical Bragg scattering and four-wave mixing properties. This implies that effects such as coherent matter-wave amplification and superradiance can occur in degenerate Fermi gases. This effect is due to constructive many-particle quantum interferences, which in the boson case are interpreted as "Bose enhancement."
We investigate the quantum interference effects in two types of matter-wave mixing experiments: one with initial matter waves prepared in independent Fock states (type I) and the other with each individual particle prepared in a same coherent superposition of states (type II). In the type I experiment, a symmetric wavefunction of bosons leads to constructive quantum interference and shows final state stimulation, while an anti-symmetric wavefunction of fermions results in destructive quantum interference and inhibited matter wave mixing. In the type II experiment, a coherent superposition state leads to constructive quantum interference and enhanced matter wave mixing for both bosons and fermions, independent of their quantum statistics.
The coherence properties of amplified matter waves generated by four-wave mixing (FWM) are studied using the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss method. We examine two limits. In the first case stimulated processes lead to the selective excitation of a pair of spatially separated modes, which we show to be second order coherent, while the second occurs when the FWM process is multimode, due to spontaneous scattering events which leads to incoherent matter waves. Amplified FWM is a promising candidate for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics where correlated modes with large occupations are required.
The interaction of short and strong laser pulses with an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate is found to generate patterns of recoiling atoms that are different from those seen in previous light-scattering experiments. This phenomenon can only be explained by optical stimulation, showing that the previous description of superradiance as atomic stimulation is incomplete and that matter-wave amplification in Bose-Einstein condensates is suppressed at short times. Our experiments clarify the nature of bosonic stimulation in the four-wave mixing of light and atoms.
We analyze the full nonlinear dynamics of the four-wave mixing between an incident beam of fermions and a fermionic density grating. We find that when the number of atoms in the beam is comparable to the number of atoms forming the grating, the dephasing of that grating, which normally leads to the decay of its amplitude, is suppressed. Instead, the density grating and the beam density exhibit large nonlinear coupled amplitude oscillations. In this case, four-wave mixing can persist for much longer times compared to the case of negligible back action. We also evaluate the efficiency of the four-wave mixing and show that it can be enhanced by producing an initial density grating with an amplitude that is less than the maximum value. These results indicate that efficient four-wave mixing in fermionic alkali gases should be experimentally observable.