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arXiv:cond-mat/0008180 · Physical Review A

Solutions of Gross-Pitaevskii equations beyond the hydrodynamic approximation: Application to the vortex problem

V. V. Konotop, Víctor M. Pérez‐García

Published Aug 15, 2000• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We develop a multiscale technique to describe excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate, whose characteristic scales are comparable to the healing length, thus going beyond the conventional hydrodynamical approximation. As an application of the theory, we derive an approximate explicit vortex and other solutions. The dynamical stability of the vortex is discussed on the basis of the mathematical framework developed here, the result being that its stability is granted at least up to times on the order of seconds, which is the condensate lifetime. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.62.033610

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We develop a multiscale technique to describe excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate, whose characteristic scales are comparable to the healing length, thus going beyond the conventional hydrodynamical approximation. As an application of the theory, we derive an approximate explicit vortex and other solutions. The dynamical stability of the vortex is discussed on the basis of the mathematical framework developed here, the result being that its stability is granted at least up to times on the order of seconds, which is the condensate lifetime. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Abstract Quantized vortices are important topological excitations in Bose–Einstein condensates. The Gross–Pitaevskii equation is a widely accepted theoretical tool. High accuracy quantized-vortex solutions are desirable in many numerical and analytical studies. We successfully derive the Padé approximate solutions for quantized vortices with winding numbers ω = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 in the context of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation for a uniform condensate. Compared with the numerical solutions, we find that (1) they approximate the entire solutions quite well from the core to infinity; (2) higher-order Padé approximate solutions have higher accuracy; (3) Padé approximate solutions for larger winding numbers have lower accuracy. The healing lengths of the quantized vortices are calculated and found to increase almost linearly with the winding number. Based on experiments performed with 87 Rb cold atoms, the healing lengths of quantized vortices and the number of particles within the healing lengths are calculated, and they may be checked by experiment. Our results show that the Gross–Pitaevskii equation is capable of describing the structure of quantized vortices and physics at length scales smaller than the healing length.
In this paper, we examine the dynamical properties of vortices in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of phenomenological dissipation, used as a basic model for the effect of finite temperatures. In the context of this so-called dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii model, we derive analytical results for the motion of single vortices and, importantly, for vortex dipoles, which have become very relevant experimentally. Our analytical results are shown to compare favorably to the full numerical solution of the dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation where appropriate. We also present results on the stability of vortices and vortex dipoles, revealing good agreement between numerical and analytical results for the internal excitation eigenfrequencies, which extends even beyond the regime of validity of this equation for cold atoms.
We consider a Gross-Pitaevskii(GP) model of a Bose-Einstein Condensate(BEC). We study a single vortex line in the presence of non-local s-wave interactions. We show that the width of such a vortex is a microscopic length scale of the order of s-wave scattering length and is independent of the healing length. This analysis fixes the problem of arbitrariness in the selection of the width of vortices which is so far approximately considered to be the healing length ξ0\xi_{0}ξ0​ despite not being selected explicitly. We present a variational method to construct analytical solution for vortices of any quantum of circulation from the core to any finite extent. Using our analysis we predict hydrogen BEC to produce the thinnest vortex line.
This chapter introduces the order parameter and the Gross--Pitaevskii equation. Although a Bose-Einstein C condensate (BEC) is a quantum many-body system which that can be described fully only using the many-body wavefunction, many of its simplest spatial dynamics can be understood using the order parameter and its dynamics. We first describe how the order parameter can be formally defined, and how this can be considered an effective spatial wavefunction of the BEC. We then derive the time-dependent evolution of the order parameter via the Gross--Pitaevskii equation, then and study various solutions of it. This includes plane-wave solutions, an infinite potential well solutions, and excited state solutions such as vortices and solitons. After introducing key concepts such as the Thomas--Fermi approximation and the healing length, we also discuss how the Gross--Pitaevskii equation can be cast in the form of hydrodynamic equations.
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We study the stability of vortices in a binary system of Bose-Einstein condensat es, with their wave functions modeled by a set of coupled, time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Beginning with an effective two-dimensional system, we identify miscible and immiscible regimes characterized by the inter- and intra-atomic interactions and the initial configuration of the system. We then consider a binary system of Bose-Einstein condensates placed in a rotating harmonic trap and study the single united vortex state in this system. We derive an approximate form for the energy of a single united vortex in the binary system and the critical angular velocity for the global stability of a vortex at the center of the trap. We also compute the metastability onset angular velocity for the local stability of a vortex at the center of the trap. Numerical solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii equations support these expressions. These rotational results inform us of a novel bimodal formation within the miscible regime of the binary condensate system. We thus demonstrate the nontrivial aspects of vortex stability in interacting binary Bose-Einstein condensates as a result of their nonlinear interactions.