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arXiv:cond-mat/0006035 · Pramana

Novel interference effects and a new quantum phase in mesoscopic systems

P. Singha Deo, A. M. Jayannavar

Published Feb 1, 2001• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s12043-001-0137-2

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The Sagnac effect is an important phase coherent effect in optical and atom interferometers where rotations of the interferometer with respect to an inertial reference frame result in a shift in the interference pattern proportional to the rotation rate. Here, we analyze the Sagnac effect in a mesoscopic semiconductor electron interferometer. We include in our analysis the Rashba spin-orbit interactions in the ring. Our results indicate that spin-orbit interactions increase the rotation-induced phase shift. We discuss the potential experimental observability of the Sagnac phase shift in such mesoscopic systems.
A novel chiral interferometer is proposed that allows for a direct measurement of the phase of the transmission coefficient for transport through a variety of mesoscopic structures in a strong magnetic field. The effects of electron-electron interaction on this phase are investigated with the use of finite-size bosonization techniques combined with perturbation theory resummation. New non-Fermi-liquid phenomena are predicted in the fractional quantum Hall effect regime that may be used to distinguish experimentally between Luttinger and Fermi liquids.
The problem of formation of macroscopic (mesoscopic) coherent superposition of polarization states for boson-like systems are discussed for the first time. The quantum interference of two (and/or more) coherent states in boson systems results in nonclassical polarization states being described by us by different way: the Wigner quasi- distribution function, boson statistics and entropy of quantum states. The phase transition from classical to quantum state of the system in such a `frozen' mesoscopic system (quantum dots) is obtained. The behavior of the Wigner function under the phase transitino demonstrates the fractal-like structure. The application of considered coherent superposition of quantum states and induced phase transition in mesoscopic systems to construction of the quantum logical gates for quantum computation are discussed as well.
We propose a protocol for preparing mechanical Schrödinger kittens -- mesoscopic quantum superpositions of coherent motional states of an optically levitated nanoparticle -- by adhering single electron time-bin states to its surface. Over short protocol timescales, coherence of the mesoscopic superposition survives the dominant decoherence mechanisms afflicting levitated systems, and can be observed by varying the phase of the time-bin electrons. Interference fringes can be detected with real-time, near-Heisenberg limited interferometry of photons scattered from the particle. This approach eliminates the need for coherent state expansion, dark potentials, and particle release-and-recapture mechanisms, providing a new route to test quantum mechanics in unprecedented scales.