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arXiv:atom-ph/9604008 · Physical Review A

Right-unitary transformation theory and applications

Zhong Feng Tang

Published Jul 1, 1996• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We develop a transformation theory in quantum physics, where the transformation operators, defined in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, have right-unitary inverses only. Through several theorems, we discuss the properties of state space of such operators. As one application of the right-unitary transformation (RUT), we show that using the RUT method, we can solve exactly various interactions of many-level atoms with quantized radiation fields, where the energy of atoms can be two levels, three levels in \ensuremath{\Lambda}, V, and \ensuremath{\equiv} configurations, and up to higher (>3) levels. These interactions have wide applications in atomic physics, quantum optics, and quantum electronics. In this paper, we focus on two typical systems: one is a two-level generalized Jaynes-Cummings model, where the cavity field varies with the external source; the other one is the interaction of a three-level atom with quantized radiation fields, where the atoms have \ensuremath{\Lambda}-configuration energy levels, and the radiation fields are one-mode or two-mode cavities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.54.154

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Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1996•190 citations
We develop a transformation theory in quantum physics, where the transformation operators, defined in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, have right-unitary inverses only. Through several theorems, we discuss the properties of state space of such operators. As one application of the right-unitary transformation (RUT), we show that using the RUT method, we can solve exactly various interactions of many-level atoms with quantized radiation fields, where the energy of atoms can be two levels, three levels in \ensuremath{\Lambda}, V, and \ensuremath{\equiv} configurations, and up to higher (>3) levels. These interactions have wide applications in atomic physics, quantum optics, and quantum electronics. In this paper, we focus on two typical systems: one is a two-level generalized Jaynes-Cummings model, where the cavity field varies with the external source; the other one is the interaction of a three-level atom with quantized radiation fields, where the atoms have \ensuremath{\Lambda}-configuration energy levels, and the radiation fields are one-mode or two-mode cavities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Jaynes–Cummings (JC) models are by far the most widely used to study the dynamics of two-level systems, such as atoms or molecules under suitable conditions, coupled to quantized electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, analytical solutions of JC models are more useful than ever for understanding and controlling radiation-matter interactions relevant to quantum information processing, quantum computing, and other quantum technologies. This study presents the analysis and generalization of a method for the solution of the dynamical problem in the time-independent JC model (Carbonaro et al., 1979) that enables an exact description of the atom-field dynamics in the resonant time-dependent JC model and in a nontrivial class of off-resonance time-dependent JC models. Our analysis produces the ready-to-use forms of the evolution operator in the resonant and non-resonant cases, which are then used to derive the evolution of the atomic population inversion for some types of atom-field coupling. The central idea behind the proposed approach offers opportunities for its extension to other time-dependent cases and its generalization to JC-related models.
In this thesis we present a theoretical analysis of some of the implications of the quantum nature of the electromagnetic field.In particular, we are interested in how atomic dynamics are modified by coupling to a quantized radiation field.In chapter two we review the Jaynes-Cummings model of atom-field interactions.This model consists of a single two-level atom coupled to a single mode of the radiation field.The evolution of the atom depends upon the initial quantum state of the field mode.Chapter three is a review of the quantum theory of dissipation.In chapter four we examine the properties of the thermofield states of the two-mode, quantized radiation fields.We investigate the use of these states as a representation of single mode thermal states.The thermo field representation is used to describe interactions involving thermal averages and in an analysis of two-mode squeezing in parametric amplifiers.Chapters five to seven are concerned with the Rydberg atom maser.In chapter five we review some of the properties of Rydberg atoms in cavities and consider the validity of the Jaynes-Cummings model as a description of the maser.In chapter six we discuss the modification of the atomic dynamics when more than one atom is present in the cavity.We show how the collective atomic inversion is influenced by many-atom effects, as well as the photon statistical effects present in the single atom Jaynes-CHAPTER
Introduction . The second part of the book is dedicated to the dressed atom, and it begins with this chapter, which deals mainly with the quantum-dynamical description of an atom dressed by a real electro-magnetic field. Here the emphasis is on the adjective ‘real’, by which we mean that the field is in an excited state populated by real photons and not just by the zero-point photon background. Due to the coupling discussed in the first part of the book, atom-photon correlations are established which admix, shift and split the levels of the system atom plus radiation field. The admixed and correlated states are called dressed-atom states. In Section 5.2 we obtain the Hamiltonian for an atom in a cavity with perfectly reflecting walls. The cavity selects a discrete set of field modes, and this leads us naturally to consider the simplest possible nontrivial atom-field system: the Jaynes-Cummings model describing a two-level atom coupled to a single-mode system. In Section 5.3 we develop the theory, based on a unitary transformation, to dress a two-level atom by a mode of the cavity populated by real photons. A necessary preliminary for dealing with more complicated atom-field models is the theory of spontaneous emission in free space, which is discussed in Section 5.4 in a Wigner-Weisskopf framework.
The dynamics of the much studied Jaynes–Cummings model, of a single two-level atom interacting with a single quantized field mode, is simple to solve for because the number of quanta in the system is strictly conserved. Including the effects of cavity damping makes the model significantly more difficult to treat. Here we present a simple derivation of the evolution of the atomic inversion in the presence of cavity damping. This will enable us to explain the physical meaning of the solution, first derived more than 20 years ago, and also to show that it is valid for much stronger damping than was appreciated at that time.
It is shown that a three-level atom in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration with arbitrary detunings can be exactly reduced to a two-level system with an effective Raman coupling, which depends nonlinearly on the intensity of the two radiation fields. This is done by exactly evaluating the unitary transformation introduced by Alexanian and Bose [Phys. Rev. A 52, 2218 (1995)] for a three-level atom coupled to two modes of the radiation field. We obtain an exact transformed Hamiltonian in which one of the three levels is decoupled for all values of the detunings. In particular, our result is then valid for any ratios of the coupling constants to detunings, even for zero detuning, in contrast to earlier work which requires that these ratios be small. We find the the eigenvalues of the exact transformed Hamiltonian and study its population dynamics. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.