A Particle or Photon in a Field

András Vukics, Wolfgang Niedenzu, Helmut Ritsch

The light force on particles trapped in the field of a high-$Q$ cavity mode depends on the quantum state of field and particle. Different photon numbers generate different optical potentials and different motional states induce different field evolution. Even for negligible internal particle excitation, which yields linear polarizability, the quantum character of particle motion generates nonlinear field dynamics. We derive a corresponding effective field Hamiltonian containing all the powers of the photon number operator, which predicts nonlinear phase shifts and squeezing even at the few-photon level. Simulations of the full particle-field dynamics confirm this and show significant particle-field entanglement.

Volodymyr Krasnoholovets

It is shown that a detailed sub microscopic consideration denies the wave-particle duality for both material particles and field particles, such as photons. In the case of particles, their ψ-wave function is interpreted as the particle's field of inertia and hence this field is characterised by its own field carriers, inertons. Inertons and photons are considered as quasi-particles, excitations of the real space constructed in the form of a tessel-lattice. The diffraction of photons is explained as the deflection of photons from their path owing to transverse flows of inertons, which appear in the substance under consideration at the decay of non-equilibrium phonons produced by transient photons.

Charis Anastopoulos

Emmanouil George Thrapsaniotis

In the present paper we study the interaction of a photonic field with a particle in a magnetic field. We use formalism similar to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation of molecular physics and we eliminate the photonic field variables by using a method related to the Berry phase to obtain an effective Hamiltonian and then extract the propagator of the particle. As an initial photonic state we assume a coherent one.

Charis Anastopoulos