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Physical Review A

Stark shift measurement of the (4s )2 1 S0 →(4s4p) 3 P1 calcium transition

Junlei Li, William Arie van Wijngaarden

Published Jan 1, 1996• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Stark shift of the (4s${)}^{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(4s4p)${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition in calcium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam as it traversed through a uniform electric field and a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition, while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using an acousto-optic modulator to frequency shift part of the laser beam. The Stark shift rate was found to be -12.314\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.041 kHz/(kV/cm${)}^{2}$, where the minus sign indicates the transition frequency decreases when the electric field is applied. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.604

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The Stark shift of the (4s{)}^{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(4s4p){\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1} transition in calcium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam as it traversed through a uniform electric field and a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition, while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using an acousto-optic modulator to frequency shift part of the laser beam. The Stark shift rate was found to be -12.314\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.041 kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2, where the minus sign indicates the transition frequency decreases when the electric field is applied. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The Stark shift of the (6s)2{)}^{2})2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6s6p)1{)}^{1})1P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition in barium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam as it traversed a uniform electric field and a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using an acousto-optic modulator which frequency shifted the laser by a specified amount. The Stark-shift rate was found to be -28.532\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.060 kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2. The hyperfine splitting of the 135,137Ba^{135,137}\mathrm{Ba}135,137Ba F=1/2 level relative to 138Ba^{138}\mathrm{Ba}138Ba of the (6s6p)1{)}^{1})1P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was determined to be -549.47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12 MHz, where the minus sign indicates that the 138Ba^{138}\mathrm{Ba}138Ba transition is at a lower frequency.
The Stark shift of the (6s) 2 1 S 0 to (6s6p) 3 P 1 transition in ytterbium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam first in a uniform electric field and subsequently in a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using isotope and hyperfine splittings that have been measured previously. The Stark shift rate was found to be -15.419+or-0.048 kHz kV -2 cm -2 and the tensor polarizability of the (6s6p) 3 P 1 state was determined to be alpha 2 =5.81+or-0.13 kHz kV -2 cm -2 .
Using a pulsed tunable dye laser pumped by a nitrogen laser, the 4s4p 1 P 1 0 level in Ca I was selectively populated from the 4s 2 1 S 0 ground state. Transitions from the 4s4p 1 P 1 0 level to 4sns 1 S 0 and 4snd 1 D 2 and, for n approximately=20, also to 4snp 1 P 1 0 and 4snf 1 F 3 0 were observed. The latter transitions arise because of Stark mixing of Rydberg states in the field of laser-produced ions and electrons. By applying a voltage to electrodes in the calcium vapour, Stark shifts were measured for levels belonging to the 4snf 1 F 3 0 and 4s(n+1)d 1 D 2 series in a region where the series cross. Diagonalisation of the energy matrix for interacting states with hydrogenic dipole matrix elements gave theoretical Stark shifts in reasonable agreement with those measured. The 4snf 1 F 3 0 series has been extended from n=12 to n=28 by absorption from 4s3d 1 D 2 . The latter level was found to be populated by stimulated emission from 4s4p 1 P 1 0 .
Laser excitation of the 4s4p3P2−−4s3d1D24s4p {}^{3}{P}_{2} -- 4s3d {}^{1}{D}_{2}4s4p3P2​−−4s3d1D2​ transition in atomic calcium has been observed and the wavelength determined to 1530.5298(6) nm. The metastable 4s4p3P24s4p {}^{3}{P}_{2}4s4p3P2​ atoms were magnetically trapped in the quadrupole magnetic field of a magneto-optical trap. This state represents the only ``loss'' channel for the calcium atoms when laser cooled on the 4s21S0−−4s4p1P14{s}^{2} {}^{1}{S}_{0} -- 4s4p {}^{1}{P}_{1}4s21S0​−−4s4p1P1​ transition. A rate equation model shows that an order of magnitude more atoms are trapped in this state compared with those taking part in the main cooling cycle. Excitation of the 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ atoms back up to the 4s3d1D24s3d {}^{1}{D}_{2}4s3d1D2​ state provides a means of accessing these atoms. Efficient repumping is achieved if the 1530-nm laser is used in conjunction with a 672-nm laser driving the 4s3d1D2−−4s5p1P14s3d {}^{1}{D}_{2} -- 4s5p {}^{1}{P}_{1}4s3d1D2​−−4s5p1P1​ transition. In the present experiment, we detected about $4.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ trapped 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ atoms, a relatively low atom density, and measured a lifetime of approximately 1 s, which is limited by background collisions.
The 877.5-nm electric-field-induced quench radiation on a thermal beam of Ba atoms in the metastable 6s5d 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ state for transition to the 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ ground state has been measured at the 3% precision level. The Stark-enhanced dipole radiation yields a simple relationship between the field-free-decay rates for transitions between the metastable 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ state and the nearby states that are mixed in by the field. Using the known decay rates, we obtain a decay rate of A(6s6p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​--6s5d 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​)\ensuremath{\sim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}103{10}^{3}103 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
The dc Stark shift of the lithium D1 line has been observed using two visible diode lasers and an atomic beam. A heterodyne signal obtained from the two lasers permits a well-calibrated, high-precision measurement to be made. The scalar shift is found to be 4.6216(21) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2. We believe this result to be the most precise Stark shift measurement reported thus far.