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Physical Review A

Stark-shift measurement of the (6s )2 1 S0 →(6s6p )1 P1 barium transition

Junlei Li, William Arie van Wijngaarden

Published May 1, 1995• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Stark shift of the (6s${)}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6s6p${)}^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition in barium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam as it traversed a uniform electric field and a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using an acousto-optic modulator which frequency shifted the laser by a specified amount. The Stark-shift rate was found to be -28.532\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.060 kHz/(kV/cm${)}^{2}$. The hyperfine splitting of the $^{135,137}\mathrm{Ba}$ F=1/2 level relative to $^{138}\mathrm{Ba}$ of the (6s6p${)}^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ state was determined to be -549.47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12 MHz, where the minus sign indicates that the $^{138}\mathrm{Ba}$ transition is at a lower frequency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.51.3560

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Optical pumping to the6s5dstates in atomic barium

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Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1986•15 citations
The Stark shift of the (6s)2{)}^{2})2 ^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6s6p{)}^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1} transition in barium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam as it traversed a uniform electric field and a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using an acousto-optic modulator which frequency shifted the laser by a specified amount. The Stark-shift rate was found to be -28.532\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.060 kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2. The hyperfine splitting of the 135,137Ba^{135,137}\mathrm{Ba}135,137Ba F=1/2 level relative to 138Ba^{138}\mathrm{Ba}138Ba of the (6s6p{)}^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1} state was determined to be -549.47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12 MHz, where the minus sign indicates that the 138Ba^{138}\mathrm{Ba}138Ba transition is at a lower frequency.
The Stark shift of the (6s) 2 1 S 0 to (6s6p) 3 P 1 transition in ytterbium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam first in a uniform electric field and subsequently in a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using isotope and hyperfine splittings that have been measured previously. The Stark shift rate was found to be -15.419+or-0.048 kHz kV -2 cm -2 and the tensor polarizability of the (6s6p) 3 P 1 state was determined to be alpha 2 =5.81+or-0.13 kHz kV -2 cm -2 .
The Stark shift of the (4s)2{)}^{2})21{\mathrm{}}^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(4s4p)3{\mathrm{}}^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition in calcium was measured using a laser to excite an atomic beam as it traversed through a uniform electric field and a field-free region. The laser frequency was scanned across the transition, while fluorescence produced by the radiative decay of the excited state was detected. The frequency scan was calibrated using an acousto-optic modulator to frequency shift part of the laser beam. The Stark shift rate was found to be -12.314\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.041 kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2, where the minus sign indicates the transition frequency decreases when the electric field is applied. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The dynamic Stark effect is investigated in a J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 three-level ladder system in an atomic beam of natural barium. This system is free of hyperfine structure, which has complicated previous experiments of this type. An intense, actively stabilized cw dye laser was tuned to resonance with the transition between the upper two levels, and a similar, but much less intense, probe laser was scanned through resonance with the transition connecting the lower two levels. Fluorescence arising from transitions out of the middle and upper levels was separately recorded as a function of probe-laser frequency. This allowed us to observe the effects of the strong laser on both the levels which it coupled. The smooth transition from an Autler-Townes doublet to a single light-shifted peak was observed, as well as effects related to coherent population trapping. The resulting profiles were found to be in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. With a theoretical model extended to incorporate the contributions of the five most abundant isotopes of barium, and other nonideal features of the experiment, it was possible to account for every detail of the observed profiles. Comparing the experimental results with theory also yielded a measurement for the absorption f value for the 6s6p 1{\mathrm{}}^{1}1P1{P}_{1}P1​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p2{p}^{2}p2 3P0^{3}P_{0}3P0​ (608.3 nm) transition in 138Ba^{138}\mathrm{Ba}138Ba.
A measurement of the Stark-induced amplitudes \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta} for the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ transition in atomic thallium is reported. Absorption of cw laser light tuned to this transition at 293 nm was compared to absorption of 378-nm cw laser light tuned to the allowed 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ transition. The absorption sample was an intense atomic beam in the presence of a strong electric field. The measured values are \ensuremath{\alpha}=2.01(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/ (V/cm) and \ensuremath{\beta}=1.67(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/ (V/cm), where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ is the Bohr magneton. These results are in agreement with semiempirical theory, but disagree with previous measurements of these amplitudes in this laboratory. A critical analysis of the previous measurement is given to explain the discrepancy. The newly measured value of \ensuremath{\beta} makes it necessary to reinterpret previous measurements of parity nonconservation in the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ transition. In the course of the present experiment, Stark shifts of the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ and 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ transitions were also measured: \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​)=-112(6) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2 and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​)=-618(31) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2. These results are also in good agrement with semiempirical theory.
The 877.5-nm electric-field-induced quench radiation on a thermal beam of Ba atoms in the metastable 6s5d 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ state for transition to the 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ ground state has been measured at the 3% precision level. The Stark-enhanced dipole radiation yields a simple relationship between the field-free-decay rates for transitions between the metastable 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ state and the nearby states that are mixed in by the field. Using the known decay rates, we obtain a decay rate of A(6s6p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​--6s5d 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​)\ensuremath{\sim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}103{10}^{3}103 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
Using a flow apparatus, the time dependence of 6s2{s}^{2}s2 1{\mathrm{}}^{1}1S0{S}_{0}S0​--6s6p 1{\mathrm{}}^{1}1P1{P}_{1}P1​ (553.5 nm) resonance fluorescence in atomic barium has been studied following switch-on of cw laser excitation. It was found that the fluorescence decays with rates as great as 1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}106{10}^{6}106 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. Assuming this can be ascribed to the pumping of atoms to the 6s5d 1{\mathrm{}}^{1}1D and 3D^{3}\mathrm{D}3D metastable levels, a value for the sum of the transition probabilities can be extracted.