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انجمن اپتیک و فوتونیک ایران

Tapping Information from Optical Fiber

fateme karimi, M. A. Bolorizadeh, Alireza Ahmadi

Published Feb 15, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Optical fiber-based communications are not secure enough as it was expected. It is possible to tap information from fiber-based communication. In this paper, we introduce some known methods of invasive and non-invasive information tapping from optical fibers. We investigated the possibility of tapping information from fiber-based communication by simply amplifying leaked fields out of the fiber. We implemented two methods of analytical solution for the Helmholtz equation and the numerical finite element method to simulate the leaked field. Finally by comparing the responses of both methods, we observed that some portion of field in different modes leaks off the fiber enough to be amplified. This enables tapping of information transmitted through the fiber.

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Optical fiber-based communications are not secure enough as it was expected. It is possible to tap information from fiber-based communication. In this paper, we introduce some known methods of invasive and non-invasive information tapping from optical fibers. We investigated the possibility of tapping information from fiber-based communication by simply amplifying leaked fields out of the fiber. We implemented two methods of analytical solution for the Helmholtz equation and the numerical finite element method to simulate the leaked field. Finally by comparing the responses of both methods, we observed that some portion of field in different modes leaks off the fiber enough to be amplified. This enables tapping of information transmitted through the fiber.
Optical fiber communication is not as secure as generally perceived. There are a number of known methods of extracting or injecting information into a fiber link, while avoiding detection. Few incidents have been reported as a successfully tapped fiber is difficult to detect. In this paper we highlight a number of known fiber tapping methods. We report simulation of optical characteristics of a fiber being tapped by `bend' method and proof of concept with physical experiment. We also presented visualized scenarios in which a resourceful eavesdropper can compromise security of a fiber link with existing technologies. Some measures to prevent fiber tapping or to nullify the significance of information tapped from fiber were also discussed.
One important advantage of fiberoptic communication is security. Compared with conventional electric cables, optical fiber cables are very hard to tap on information because no elctric or magnetic fields are generated from the cables. However, it is still possible to make an optical fiber to leak some of its power by peeling the jacket and bending the fiber or removing the cladding. Methods to pro-tect fiberoptic communication from tapping has been proposedl). In this paper we propose a new, simple but effective method bases on intermodal interference to protect multimode fiberoptic communication. The optical fiber detects any mechanical distortion of itself, which unavoidably occurs in an attempt to tap information. Although the lightwave carries both communication and security informations, we demonstrate that there is no degradation in communication quality.
Optical fiber communication was widely believed that an optical network was a good way to prevent hacking through wiretaps which intercept network data. However, fiber optic cable is not particularly secure. Various tapping methods can be used to extract data from fiber optic networks with little or no risk of detection. One of the easiest ways of intruding into a fiber optic communication link is creating a bend on the fiber cable. Even small percentage of the transmitted light acquired with the bending method is enough for recovering the data by the attacker. Though there are some techniques and devices that can track the power and intensity inside the fiber cable, these methods cannot detect an attack exploiting small leakage. Therefore, it is critical to determine a range of radii of curvature for which tapping attacks are not detectable. Though there are some studies to quantify the power loss both theoretically and numerically, as of the authors' knowledge, there has not been any experimental validation of those studies. In this respect, an experimental optical setup and a technique relying on the ADC conversion capability of Arduino UNO to measure power loss resulting from different bending radii are proposed in this paper. A lower limit for radius of curvature for an attack to be undetected is obtained and the estimations in the literature for power loss resulting from fiber bending is validated.
Fiber Optics Communication is also one of the major branch which is widely used in current communication world. Due to several advantages of fiber optics communication over different conventional wired communication method it is having higher priority. Though fiber optic transmits large amount of data quickly over long distance, it is vulnerable to various security attacks. The fiber optic cable can be easily tapped. Fundamental improvements can be achieved for the entire network by increasing the optical network’s performance in terms of channel capacity, data rate, and processing speed. Furthermore, the security of the optical network has an impact on the security of the entire communication system. Optical network security can be effectively protected by fiber-based methods, including all optical signal processing, optical key distribution, optical steganography, and optical chaos-based communication. Fiber-based devices do not radiate an electromagnetic signature and are immune to electromagnetic interference. To provide end to end secure fiber optic communication, a special encryption algorithm based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is employed. The proposed encryption algorithm is simulated and the performance is analyzed. In this paper we are mostly dealing with the basics of fiber optics working principle, priority over other conventional communication system and role of fiber optics communication in computer networking and its vulnerabilities.
With the development of optical fiber communication network eavesdropping technology, its security is facing new challenges in recent years.Some of the optical fiber communication eavesdropping technology cannot be detected with its hidden features, so it is necessary to study optical fiber tapping technology and its defensive measures.This paper summarized the cases in which the international optical fiber communication network had been eavesdropped in recent years, and introduced the intrusion and non-intrusive optical fiber eavesdropping methods.Based on the analysis of the general misunderstanding of optical fiber communication network security, the effective measures to defense fiber eavesdropping are put forward.