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Acta Physica Polonica A

Fluorescence of Sodium Vapour Excited by 330 nm Laser Pulses

N. A. Gorbunov, P. Kozłowski, K. Nowak, T. Stacewicz

Published May 1, 2001• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

i n Ùnal for m Marc h 1, 2001) W e rep ort results of investigation on the Ûuorescence induced in sodium v ap our by pulses of laser light tuned near the 3 S ! 4 P transition (330 nm ).T he Ûuorescence w as observed in perp endi cular and parallel direction s in resp ect to the laser b eam.A depletion of Ûuorescence intensity corresp ondin g to the 5 D ! 3 P transition (498 nm) was observed along the laser beam.W e explain this e˜ect as a result of reabsorption that is caused by intense p opulati on of the 3 P level due to cascade stimulated pro cesses.T he most intense depletio n occurs ab out 20 ns after the laser pulse and it corresp onds to the moment of maximal populati on of the 3 P level.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.99.531

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i n Ùnal for m Marc h 1, 2001) W e rep ort results of investigation on the Ûuorescence induced in sodium v ap our by pulses of laser light tuned near the 3 S ! 4 P transition (330 nm ).T he Ûuorescence w as observed in perp endi cular and parallel direction s in resp ect to the laser b eam.A depletion of Ûuorescence intensity corresp ondin g to the 5 D ! 3 P transition (498 nm) was observed along the laser beam.W e explain this e˜ect as a result of reabsorption that is caused by intense p opulati on of the 3 P level due to cascade stimulated pro cesses.T he most intense depletio n occurs ab out 20 ns after the laser pulse and it corresp onds to the moment of maximal populati on of the 3 P level.
levels of atomic sodium using ultrashort laser pulses in a stepwise excitation scheme. Two broadband femtosecond laser pulses are used to excite the 6S level from the 3S ground level in sodium vapor. The first one is simultaneously resonant with the D1 and D2 lines of the 3S→3P transition, and the second one with the 3P→6S transition. The delay between the two pulses is scanned in order to probe the dephasing between the two excited intermediate levels. Quantum beating is observed by monitoring the fluorescence signals at 330 nm and 515 nm, namely transition 4P→3S and 6S→3P, respectively. Signals are compared to a semi-classical model that reproduces the oscillations with a very good agreement.
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1–10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd 2D(n=3, 4, 5) and ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission in Na2, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (∼830 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ‘‘dip’’ at the 4d 2D two-photon resonance. Similarly, [2+1] photon ionization via the 3d 2D and 4d 2D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d 2D or 4d 2D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas’ev and by Agarwal. It is argued that both mechanisms are operative. Strong ionization and SERS signals were observed at the hybrid resonances corresponding to 3p 2P3/2, 1/2 →4d 2D transitions; however, no excimer lasing at 830 nm was detected. No excimer emission was detected upon two-photon pumping near or at the 3d 2D or ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. Based on these and other observations, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission is attributed to a molecular Raman process involving stimulated emission or six-wave mixing via a pathway of the type 1 3Σ+u→2hν 3Δu→ j 3Πg→(k 3Πu, l 3Σ +u)→1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ +u .
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1--10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd /sup 2/D(n = 3, 4, 5) and ns /sup 2/S(n = 4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub g//yields/1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub u/ excimer emission in Na/sub 2/, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (/similar to/30 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ''dip'' at the 4d /sup 2/D two-photon resonance. Similarly, (2+1) photon ionization via the 3d /sup 2/D and 4d /sup 2/D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d /sup 2/D or 4d /sup 2/D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas'ev and by Agarwal. It is argued thatmore » both mechanisms are operative.« less
The authors have confirmed earlier observations that fluorescence from dense sodium vapour under high power illumination does not saturate with increasing laser intensity. Direct observations of level population using a variant of the interferometric hook technique with a time resolution of ten nanoseconds have been performed, showing that the level populations of the pumped transition were in the ratio of their statistical weights. The apparent contradiction between this result and that of the laser-induced fluorescence observations is considered.